Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

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234 | Domestic Violence 16.8 MARITAL CONTROL Table 16.6 Violence during pregnancy Among women age 15-49 who have ever been pregnant, percentage who have ever experienced physical violence during pregnancy, by background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Background characteristic Percentage who have ever experienced physical violence during pregnancy Number of women who have ever been pregnant Current age 15-19 3.2 63 20-24 2.6 257 25-29 2.4 329 30-39 4.9 717 40-49 Employed past 12 months 3.5 539 Not employed 4.3 1,064 Employed for cash 1.5 167 Employed not for cash Marital status 3.2 675 Never married * 1 Married or living together 3.4 1,792 Divorced/separated/widowed Number of living children 8.8 113 0 1.1 61 1-2 3.9 527 3-4 3.1 594 5+ Residence 4.3 724 Urban 2.7 460 Rural District 4.0 1,445 Aileu 3.6 72 Ainaro 0.6 99 Baucau 4.7 224 Bobonaro 0.0 170 Covalima 0.9 107 Dili 3.3 326 Ermera 2.8 216 Lautem 11.1 136 Liquiçá 12.3 113 Manatuto 0.5 74 Manufahi 5.1 80 Oecussi 4.1 138 Viqueque Education 0.0 150 No education 4.8 733 Primary 3.6 483 Secondary 2.7 636 More than secondary Wealth quintile (1.8) 54 Lowest 5.1 376 Second 3.6 380 Middle 4.3 368 Fourth 3.7 378 Highest 1.9 404 Total 3.7 1,905 Note: Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases. An asterisk indicates that a figure is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases and has been suppressed. The International Rescue Committee reported in two studies conducted in 2003 that more than half of Timorese women felt unsafe in their relationship with their husband (IRC, 2003a) and 25 percent had experienced violence from an intimate partner (IRC, 2003b).
Domestic violence is not limited to physical and sexual violence. Verbal abuse, restrictions on freedom of movement, and withholding funds can also constitute violent behavior. This section of the chapter examines women’s experiences of marital control. Table 16.7 shows the percentage of ever-married women whose husbands have exhibited various types of behaviors aimed at controlling their wife/partner. Table 16.7 Degree of marital control exercised by husbands Percentage of ever-married women age 15-49 whose husband/partner ever demonstrates specific types of controlling behaviors, according to background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Background characteristic Is jealous or angry if she talks to other men Frequently accuses her of being unfaithful Percentage of women whose husband: Does not permit her to meet her female friends Tries to limit her contact with her family Insists on knowing where she is at all times Does not trust her with any money Displays 3 or more of the specific behaviors Displays none of the specific behaviors Number of women Current age 15-19 21.3 19.7 16.4 8.4 49.0 6.3 16.0 46.8 67 20-24 36.1 17.3 10.7 3.3 36.7 8.5 16.1 49.2 271 25-29 36.4 15.5 9.8 6.3 32.3 9.4 14.5 47.0 341 30-39 27.9 13.4 7.4 3.3 27.5 7.6 11.1 56.6 729 40-49 29.9 15.8 8.0 3.4 29.3 6.2 14.7 55.3 551 Employed past 12 months Not employed 33.1 14.0 9.3 4.5 30.8 8.1 13.7 51.6 1,094 Employed for cash 42.3 20.2 10.7 3.4 38.7 17.0 15.6 38.9 170 Employed not for cash 24.5 15.9 7.5 3.5 29.1 4.5 12.9 59.2 695 Number of living children 0 35.3 23.0 14.9 8.8 35.9 8.8 22.6 50.9 115 1-2 33.9 16.6 9.1 3.7 33.1 8.6 14.0 49.0 527 3-4 32.0 13.7 9.6 3.9 29.2 7.7 13.0 53.8 594 5+ 27.0 14.2 6.8 3.6 29.8 6.6 12.3 56.1 724 Marital status and duration Currently married woman 30.7 14.3 8.6 3.8 30.6 7.1 13.0 53.6 1,843 Married only once 30.8 14.3 8.6 3.9 30.9 7.1 13.1 53.3 1,817 0-4 years 34.4 16.3 10.5 4.8 36.3 6.8 15.3 48.2 332 5-9 years 34.9 16.1 9.7 4.3 32.4 10.8 14.5 49.8 352 10+ years 28.5 13.2 7.8 3.5 28.8 6.0 12.0 55.8 1,133 Married more than once (19.1) (11.6) (8.2) (0.0) (13.5) (5.6) (10.8) (73.6) 26 Divorced/separated/widowed 34.2 29.4 10.5 7.0 34.6 16.4 22.1 47.7 116 Residence Urban 51.9 27.6 14.7 6.6 42.8 14.7 24.9 31.3 468 Rural 24.2 11.3 6.9 3.2 27.1 5.4 10.0 60.1 1,491 District Aileu 23.2 10.5 11.0 7.0 18.0 7.0 9.0 68.2 74 Ainaro 17.4 7.9 10.7 3.7 29.5 3.1 9.6 62.3 100 Baucau 48.1 9.0 5.5 3.3 30.4 7.8 8.1 43.5 230 Bobonaro 10.6 8.0 5.6 1.2 6.2 3.5 5.9 82.9 172 Covalima 11.1 19.2 4.0 0.6 28.0 0.0 8.0 66.6 115 Dili 66.8 34.0 17.0 6.1 45.2 18.5 30.3 19.8 336 Ermera 37.8 22.4 9.4 4.5 56.2 4.4 22.4 39.4 225 Lautem 28.6 12.3 12.7 10.2 27.8 11.0 16.2 53.6 136 Liquiçá 8.1 3.7 5.4 2.9 8.9 7.7 5.8 77.6 115 Manatuto 13.1 6.6 4.6 2.4 17.5 5.0 7.5 77.9 79 Manufahi 17.5 5.9 4.6 1.6 48.5 2.5 6.5 45.7 84 Oecussi 16.4 11.0 4.8 3.8 8.8 6.1 5.1 74.0 140 Viqueque 15.0 9.6 6.2 2.1 36.6 4.0 8.1 58.2 153 Education No education 24.0 13.0 7.3 2.9 28.1 5.1 11.1 59.6 753 Primary 29.2 16.6 9.7 6.0 31.3 8.1 16.0 54.6 495 Secondary 37.5 15.7 9.5 3.7 33.2 8.9 13.7 46.5 656 More than secondary (60.7) (27.3) (11.7) (5.1) (37.1) (22.7) (23.8) (32.7) 54 Wealth quintile Lowest 17.8 8.9 6.0 2.7 21.4 3.1 7.1 67.5 392 Second 27.6 11.7 8.7 4.5 30.8 8.3 11.8 57.0 389 Middle 26.1 15.2 9.0 3.8 29.5 4.5 12.7 56.1 379 Fourth 30.9 15.9 7.1 3.5 31.3 7.7 14.4 52.5 385 Highest 50.5 23.7 12.6 5.5 40.7 14.0 21.4 34.1 415 Total 30.9 15.2 8.8 4.0 30.9 7.6 13.6 53.2 1,959 Note: Husband/partner refers to the current husband/partner for currently married women and the most recent husband/partner for divorced, separated, or widowed women. Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases. Domestic Violence | 235
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Timor-Leste Demographic and Health
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CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
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CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7.1
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14.8 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and
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x | Tables and Figures CHAPTER 4 FE
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xii | Tables and Figures Table 11.4
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xiv | Tables and Figures Table 16.4
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FOREWORD The 2009-10 Timor-Leste De
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CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT Elias do
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about three children more than wome
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Postnatal Care. The majority of wom
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However, the level of chronic energ
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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICAT
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INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
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The government of Timor-Leste has l
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1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The
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1.8 HEMOGLOBIN TESTING In one-third
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In these households, 13,796 women w
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Table 2.1 Household population by a
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The percentage of children not livi
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The Early Childhood Care and Educat
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Table 2.4.2 Educational attainment
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The GAR at the primary school level
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ate (2 percent) than their rural co
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water. Thirty-six percent of househ
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The type of flooring material used
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Table 2.11 Wealth quintiles Percent
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Th
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Table 3.2.1 Educational attainment:
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Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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3.4.2 Occupation Respondents who we
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3.4.3 Earnings, Employers, and Cont
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Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 show the per
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Table 3.9.1 Use of tobacco: Women P
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FERTILITY 4 One of the major object
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Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
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calculated in the 2003 DHS follows
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of primary sterility. In Timor-Lest
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Table 4.8 Median age at first birth
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FAMILY PLANNING 5 In 2002, the Coun
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According to the 2003 DHS, knowledg
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Table 5.3.1 Ever use of contracepti
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
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Use increases with parity but with
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Female and male sterilizations are
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Table 5.10 Future use of contracept
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Table 5.13 Exposure to family plann
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Table 5.15 Husband/partner’s know
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6.2 POLYGYNY Polygyny (the practice
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20.9 years. Although the proportion
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84 | Other Proximate Determinants o
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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There is little difference in the p
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2 percent among women age 30-34 to
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92 | Fertility Preferences Table 7.
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94 | Fertility Preferences 7.3 NEED
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96 | Fertility Preferences an idea
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98 | Fertility Preferences The perc
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with their death, or they may live
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100 80 60 40 20 102 | Infant and Ch
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104 | Infant and Child Mortality Ta
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8.7 HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR Th
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ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 9 The
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9.2 ADULT MORTALITY Table 9.3 Sibsh
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MATERNAL HEALTH 10 Making Pregnancy
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among women in the lowest wealth qu
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A much lower percentage of Timorese
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Table 10.5 Knowledge of danger sign
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10.6.2 Assistance during Delivery O
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Table 10.8 Knowledge of danger sign
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Table 10.10 Application of material
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Table 10.12 Timing of first postnat
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Where health services are present,
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CHILD HEALTH 11 This chapter presen
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In the TLDHS, information on vaccin
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Boys (54 percent) are somewhat more
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The data indicate that two percent
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11.6 DIARRHEAL DISEASE Dehydration
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Table 11.8 Diarrhea treatment Among
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Ten percent of children with diarrh
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There are marked differences in the
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international reference population
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80 Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 150
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60 50 40 30 20 10 152 | Nutrition o
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Table 12.2 shows the percentages of
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100 Percent 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
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Table 12.5 Foods and liquids consum
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Table 12.6 Infant and young child f
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Table 12.7 shows the percentage of
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the most recent distribution preced
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Table 12.10 Nutritional status of w
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Table 12.12 shows data on micronutr
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12.12 PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN
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MALARIA 13 Malaria remains a leadin
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13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Chil
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Tables 13.3 and 13.4 show the perce
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The highest prevalence of fever is
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HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
Page 215 and 216: percent of women and 61 percent of
Page 217 and 218: person who has AIDS or by sharing c
Page 219 and 220: Comprehensive knowledge about AIDS
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Page 223 and 224: Table 14.6 Payment for sexual inter
Page 225 and 226: 14.5 MALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumc
Page 227 and 228: In the 2009-10 TLDHS, women and men
Page 229 and 230: 100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 64 Total
Page 231 and 232: 14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom
Page 233 and 234: To assess the extent of condom use
Page 235 and 236: WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPH
Page 237 and 238: Table 15.2.1 Control over women’s
Page 239 and 240: Table 15.2.2 Control over men's cas
Page 241 and 242: Table 15.4.1 Women’s participatio
Page 243 and 244: Table 15.5.1 Women’s participatio
Page 245 and 246: 15.5 ATTITUDES TOWARD WIFE BEATING
Page 247 and 248: Table 15.6.2 Attitude toward wife b
Page 249 and 250: Table 15.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
Page 251 and 252: Women’s empowerment is closely as
Page 253 and 254: Table 15.8 Indicators of women’s
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Page 257 and 258: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16 In the words o
Page 259 and 260: partner] hit, slapped, kicked, or d
Page 261 and 262: Table 16.1 Experience of physical v
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Page 265: who experienced sexual violence fir
Page 269 and 270: Table 16.8 Forms of spousal violenc
Page 271 and 272: Table 16.9—Continued Emotional vi
Page 273 and 274: Table 16.10 Spousal violence by hus
Page 275 and 276: 16.14 Physical Violence by Women ag
Page 277 and 278: 16.15 HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF WOME
Page 279 and 280: 16.17 SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES The f
Page 281 and 282: REFERENCES Acharya, M. 2010. Effort
Page 283 and 284: Ministry of Health (MOH) [Timor-Les
Page 285: World Health Organization (WHO), Wo
Page 288 and 289: 256 | Appendix A during the populat
Page 290 and 291: A.5 SURVEY RESULTS 258 | Appendix A
Page 293 and 294: ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
Page 295 and 296: Table B.1 List of selected variable
Page 297 and 298: Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
Page 299 and 300: Table B.5 Sampling errors for Aileu
Page 301 and 302: Table B.7 Sampling errors for Bauca
Page 303 and 304: Table B.9 Sampling errors for Coval
Page 305 and 306: Table B.11 Sampling errors for Erme
Page 307 and 308: Table B.13 Sampling errors for Liqu
Page 309 and 310: Table B.15 Sampling errors for Manu
Page 311: Table B.17 Sampling errors for Viqu
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284 | Appendix C Table C.5 Reportin
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286 | Appendix C Table C.7 Nutritio
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2009-10 TIM
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Martinho da Costa Cesaltina Falcao
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QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix E Appendix
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296 | Appendix E Introduction and C
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IF AGE 15 IF AGE 0-17 YEARS IF AGE
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300 | Appendix E HOUSEHOLD CHARACTE
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302 | Appendix E NO. QUESTIONS AND
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306 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND
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308 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AN
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310 | Appendix E
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312 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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314 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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212 316 | Appendix E 213 214 215 21
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326 | Appendix E LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO
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350 | Appendix E LAST SEXUAL PARTNE
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352 | Appendix E SECTION 7. FERTILI
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356 | Appendix E SECTION 8. HUSBAND
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362 | Appendix E SECTION 10. OTHER
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364 | Appendix E SECTION 11. MATERN
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366 | Appendix E SECTION 12. DOMEST
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372 | Appendix E INSTRUCTIONS: 2 04
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374 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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376 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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378 | Appendix E SECTION 3. CONTRAC
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380 | Appendix E 311 Where is that?
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386 | Appendix E SECTION 5. FERTILI
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388 | Appendix E SECTION 6. EMPLOYM
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390 | Appendix E SECTION 7. HIV/AID
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