Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

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The GAR at the primary school level is 100 percent. The distribution shows that both the NAR and GAR are much lower at the secondary school level: 45 percent of students age 12-17 who should be attending secondary school are in school (NAR). The GAR for secondary school is 69 percent. A UNESCO report in 2008 estimated that the GER (gross enrollment ratio) in secondary school in 2005 was 53 percent (UNESCO, 2009). The results show that the NARs for females and males are similar in primary school. In secondary school, the NAR for females (48 percent) is only slightly higher than for males (43 percent), suggesting that there is not much of a gender gap in school attendance in Timor-Leste. The GAR at primary level is slightly higher for males than females, however, indicating relatively higher over-age or under-age attendance among males compared with attendance among females. School attendance ratios at both the primary and secondary levels are lower in rural than in urban areas. For instance, the NAR at the primary school level in rural areas is 69 percent compared with 78 percent in urban areas. Similarly, the GAR at the secondary school level is 62 percent in rural areas, compared with 92 percent in urban areas. Regional differences are obvious for the NAR and GAR at the primary school levels, with attendance ratios being notably lower in Ermera and Oecussi compared with all other districts. The GAR at the secondary school level is especially low for Oecussi (42 percent). There is a strong relationship between household economic status and school attendance that can be seen at both the primary and secondary levels and among males and females. For example, the NAR for primary school increases from 59 percent among students from poorer households (lowest wealth quintile) to 82 percent among pupils from richer households (highest wealth quintile). The Gender Parity Index (GPI) represents the ratio of the NAR (or GAR) for females to the NAR (or GAR) for males. It is presented in Table 2.5 at both the primary and secondary levels and offers a summary measure of gender differences in school attendance rates. A GPI of less than 1 indicates that a smaller proportion of females than males attends school. In Timor-Leste, the GPI for the GAR is almost 1 (0.99) for primary school attendance and slightly higher than 1 (1.02) for secondary school attendance, indicating the virtual non-existence of a gender gap in education in the country. 2.3.1 Grade Repetition and Dropout Rates According to UNESCO, 16 percent of children in Timor-Leste repeat grades, 25 percent drop out, and only 46 percent reach Grade 6 (UNESCO, 2009). At the pre-secondary level the completion rate is 49 percent, and among all children age 12 to 14 years in the country, only 28 percent of them complete the pre-secondary level, indicating a considerable number of dropouts. The 2009-10 TLDHS also assessed grade repetition and dropout rates. Table 2.6 presents these rates for the de facto household population age 5-24 who attended primary school in the previous school year. Repetition and drop-out rates describe the flow of pupils through the educational system. Repetition rates indicate the percentage of pupils who attended a particular class during the previous school year who are repeating that grade in the current school year; that is, they attended the same grade during the 2009-10 academic year as they had attended during the 2008-09 year 1 . Dropout rates show the percentage of pupils who attended class during the 2008-09 academic year but who did not attend school the following year. Repetition and dropout rates approach zero when pupils nearly always progress to the next grade at the end of the school year. They often vary across grades, indicating points in the school system where pupils are not regularly promoted to the next grade or they decide to drop out of school. 1 The TLDHS covered the academic years 2007-08 as previous and 2008-09 as current for households interviewed in academic year 2008-09. Similarly, for households interviewed in 2009-10 the current academic year was considered as 2009-10 and the previous as 2008-09. The tabulation takes this into account. 20 | Household Population and Housing Characteristics
Table 2.6 Grade repetition and dropout rates Repetition and dropout rates, for the de facto household population age 5-24 who attended primary school in the previous school year, by school grade, according to background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Background School grade characteristic 1 2 3 4 5 6 REPETITION RATE1 Sex Male 2.0 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.2 Female Residence 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.1 Urban 2.4 0.6 0.1 0.8 1.6 0.3 Rural District 1.6 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 Aileu 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.9 Ainaro 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 Baucau 0.5 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bobonaro 1.7 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 Covalima 2.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 Dili 1.7 0.5 0.0 0.7 2.1 0.0 Ermera 2.9 1.1 0.7 0.0 1.3 0.0 Lautem 2.5 1.9 0.3 1.6 0.0 0.0 Liquiçá 2.6 0.3 0.0 2.3 0.5 1.9 Manatuto 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Manufahi 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oecussi 2.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Viqueque Wealth quintile 1.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lowest 1.2 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.3 Second 1.4 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 Middle 2.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.4 0.0 Fourth 2.2 1.4 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 Highest 1.5 0.5 0.3 0.6 1.6 0.2 Total 1.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.1 DROPOUT RATE2 Sex Male 1.1 1.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 4.1 Female Residence 1.4 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 4.4 Urban 3.5 1.1 3.3 6.2 3.4 10.1 Rural District 0.6 1.6 1.9 1.2 2.2 2.4 Aileu 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.9 Ainaro 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.7 Baucau 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 Bobonaro 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Covalima 2.5 1.6 3.8 3.5 3.3 8.8 Dili 7.2 8.9 12.2 13.7 14.6 15.9 Ermera 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lautem 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 Liquiçá 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Manatuto 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.8 Manufahi 1.1 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.0 2.6 Oecussi 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 2.2 Viqueque Wealth quintile 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.5 Lowest 0.5 0.2 0.9 1.3 0.7 2.5 Second 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.4 1.2 1.4 Middle 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.4 1.2 Fourth 1.5 1.4 2.5 1.6 3.0 5.3 Highest 3.6 4.9 6.5 8.2 6.6 8.7 Total 1.2 1.5 2.2 2.3 2.4 4.3 1 The repetition rate is the percentage of students in a given grade in the previous school year who are repeating that grade in the current school year. 2 The dropout rate is the percentage of students in a given grade in the previous school year who no longer attend school. For both sexes the repetition rate is higher in grade 1 than in grades 2 through 6. In grade 1 the repetition rate is 2 percent for males, compared with 1 percent for females, but in grade 2 the repetition rate for females is slightly higher than that for males. There are small variations by urbanrural residence in almost all grades, except in grade 5 where urban residents have a higher repetition Household Population and Housing Characteristics | 21
Page 1 and 2: Timor-Leste Demographic and Health
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
Page 5 and 6: CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7.1
Page 7: 14.8 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and
Page 10 and 11: x | Tables and Figures CHAPTER 4 FE
Page 12 and 13: xii | Tables and Figures Table 11.4
Page 14 and 15: xiv | Tables and Figures Table 16.4
Page 17: FOREWORD The 2009-10 Timor-Leste De
Page 21: CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT Elias do
Page 24 and 25: about three children more than wome
Page 26 and 27: Postnatal Care. The majority of wom
Page 28 and 29: However, the level of chronic energ
Page 31 and 32: MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICAT
Page 33 and 34: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
Page 35 and 36: The government of Timor-Leste has l
Page 37 and 38: 1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The
Page 39 and 40: 1.8 HEMOGLOBIN TESTING In one-third
Page 41: In these households, 13,796 women w
Page 44 and 45: Table 2.1 Household population by a
Page 46 and 47: The percentage of children not livi
Page 48 and 49: The Early Childhood Care and Educat
Page 50 and 51: Table 2.4.2 Educational attainment
Page 54 and 55: ate (2 percent) than their rural co
Page 56 and 57: water. Thirty-six percent of househ
Page 58 and 59: The type of flooring material used
Page 60 and 61: Table 2.11 Wealth quintiles Percent
Page 63 and 64: CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Th
Page 65 and 66: Table 3.2.1 Educational attainment:
Page 67 and 68: Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
Page 73 and 74: 3.4.2 Occupation Respondents who we
Page 75 and 76: 3.4.3 Earnings, Employers, and Cont
Page 77 and 78: Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 show the per
Page 79 and 80: Table 3.9.1 Use of tobacco: Women P
Page 81 and 82: FERTILITY 4 One of the major object
Page 83 and 84: Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 85 and 86: calculated in the 2003 DHS follows
Page 87 and 88: of primary sterility. In Timor-Lest
Page 89 and 90: Table 4.8 Median age at first birth
Page 91 and 92: FAMILY PLANNING 5 In 2002, the Coun
Page 93 and 94: According to the 2003 DHS, knowledg
Page 95 and 96: Table 5.3.1 Ever use of contracepti
Page 97 and 98: Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
Page 99 and 100: Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
Page 101 and 102: Use increases with parity but with
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Female and male sterilizations are
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Table 5.10 Future use of contracept
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Table 5.13 Exposure to family plann
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Table 5.15 Husband/partner’s know
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6.2 POLYGYNY Polygyny (the practice
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20.9 years. Although the proportion
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84 | Other Proximate Determinants o
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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There is little difference in the p
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2 percent among women age 30-34 to
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92 | Fertility Preferences Table 7.
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94 | Fertility Preferences 7.3 NEED
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96 | Fertility Preferences an idea
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98 | Fertility Preferences The perc
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with their death, or they may live
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100 80 60 40 20 102 | Infant and Ch
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104 | Infant and Child Mortality Ta
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8.7 HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR Th
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ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 9 The
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9.2 ADULT MORTALITY Table 9.3 Sibsh
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MATERNAL HEALTH 10 Making Pregnancy
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among women in the lowest wealth qu
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A much lower percentage of Timorese
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Table 10.5 Knowledge of danger sign
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10.6.2 Assistance during Delivery O
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Table 10.8 Knowledge of danger sign
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Table 10.10 Application of material
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Table 10.12 Timing of first postnat
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Where health services are present,
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CHILD HEALTH 11 This chapter presen
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In the TLDHS, information on vaccin
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Boys (54 percent) are somewhat more
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The data indicate that two percent
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11.6 DIARRHEAL DISEASE Dehydration
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Table 11.8 Diarrhea treatment Among
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Ten percent of children with diarrh
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There are marked differences in the
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international reference population
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80 Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 150
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60 50 40 30 20 10 152 | Nutrition o
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Table 12.2 shows the percentages of
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100 Percent 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
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Table 12.5 Foods and liquids consum
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Table 12.6 Infant and young child f
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Table 12.7 shows the percentage of
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the most recent distribution preced
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Table 12.10 Nutritional status of w
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Table 12.12 shows data on micronutr
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12.12 PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN
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MALARIA 13 Malaria remains a leadin
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13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Chil
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Tables 13.3 and 13.4 show the perce
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The highest prevalence of fever is
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HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
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percent of women and 61 percent of
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person who has AIDS or by sharing c
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Comprehensive knowledge about AIDS
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HIV or AIDS on all four indicators
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Table 14.6 Payment for sexual inter
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14.5 MALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumc
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In the 2009-10 TLDHS, women and men
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100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 64 Total
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14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom
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To assess the extent of condom use
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WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPH
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Table 15.2.1 Control over women’s
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Table 15.2.2 Control over men's cas
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Table 15.4.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 15.5.1 Women’s participatio
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15.5 ATTITUDES TOWARD WIFE BEATING
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Table 15.6.2 Attitude toward wife b
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Table 15.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
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Women’s empowerment is closely as
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Table 15.8 Indicators of women’s
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pathways: its negative association
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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16 In the words o
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partner] hit, slapped, kicked, or d
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Table 16.1 Experience of physical v
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Among women who have never been mar
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who experienced sexual violence fir
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Domestic violence is not limited to
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Table 16.8 Forms of spousal violenc
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Table 16.9—Continued Emotional vi
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Table 16.10 Spousal violence by hus
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16.14 Physical Violence by Women ag
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16.15 HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF WOME
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16.17 SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES The f
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REFERENCES Acharya, M. 2010. Effort
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Ministry of Health (MOH) [Timor-Les
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World Health Organization (WHO), Wo
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256 | Appendix A during the populat
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A.5 SURVEY RESULTS 258 | Appendix A
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
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Table B.1 List of selected variable
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Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
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Table B.5 Sampling errors for Aileu
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Table B.7 Sampling errors for Bauca
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Table B.9 Sampling errors for Coval
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Table B.11 Sampling errors for Erme
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Table B.13 Sampling errors for Liqu
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Table B.15 Sampling errors for Manu
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Table B.17 Sampling errors for Viqu
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282 | Appendix C Table C.2.1 Age di
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284 | Appendix C Table C.5 Reportin
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286 | Appendix C Table C.7 Nutritio
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2009-10 TIM
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Martinho da Costa Cesaltina Falcao
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QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix E Appendix
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296 | Appendix E Introduction and C
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IF AGE 15 IF AGE 0-17 YEARS IF AGE
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300 | Appendix E HOUSEHOLD CHARACTE
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302 | Appendix E NO. QUESTIONS AND
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306 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND
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308 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AN
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310 | Appendix E
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312 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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314 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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212 316 | Appendix E 213 214 215 21
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326 | Appendix E LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO
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350 | Appendix E LAST SEXUAL PARTNE
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352 | Appendix E SECTION 7. FERTILI
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356 | Appendix E SECTION 8. HUSBAND
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362 | Appendix E SECTION 10. OTHER
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364 | Appendix E SECTION 11. MATERN
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366 | Appendix E SECTION 12. DOMEST
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372 | Appendix E INSTRUCTIONS: 2 04
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374 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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376 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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378 | Appendix E SECTION 3. CONTRAC
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380 | Appendix E 311 Where is that?
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386 | Appendix E SECTION 5. FERTILI
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388 | Appendix E SECTION 6. EMPLOYM
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390 | Appendix E SECTION 7. HIV/AID
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