Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

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236 | Domestic Violence To determine the degree of marital control husbands exercise over their wives, ever-married women were asked whether their current or last husband exhibited each of the following controlling behaviors: a) becomes jealous or gets angry if she talks to other men; b) accuses her of being unfaithful; c) does not permit meetings with female friends; d) tries to limit contact with her family; e) insists on knowing where she is at all times; and f) does not trust her with any money. The accumulation of such behaviors is more significant than the results for any single behavior and so, the proportion of women whose husbands exhibited at least three of the specified behaviors is highlighted. The findings show that nearly one in three (31 percent) ever-married women reported that their husbands insist on knowing where they are at all times; a similar proportion (31 percent) said that their husbands get jealous or angry if they talk to other men; and 15 percent said that their husbands frequently accuse them of being unfaithful. Nearly one in 10 women reported that their husbands do not allow them to meet with their female friends, and 8 percent said that their husbands do not trust them with money. Relatively uncommon is a husband’s attempt to limit his wife’s contact with her family (reported by only 4 percent of ever-married women). Fourteen percent of women said that their husbands exhibit three or more of the above-mentioned controlling behaviors, and 53 percent said that their husbands exhibit none of the controlling behaviors. There is hardly any difference in the proportion of ever-married women who report that their husbands exhibit three or more of the specified behaviors by age. There is an inverse relationship between the number of living children a woman has and the degree of control her husband exercises over them. For example, 23 percent of women with no living children reported that their husbands exhibit three or more of the specified controlling behaviors, compared with 12 percent of women with five or more children. Women who were formerly married (22 percent) are more likely than currently married women (13 percent) to say that their former husbands exhibited three or more of the controlling behaviors. The extent to which husbands exhibit three or more controlling behaviors is higher among urban women (25 percent) than the rural women (10 percent). This finding corroborates the fact that women in urban areas more often face domestic violence as discussed earlier in this chapter. Men in Dili (30 percent), Ermera (22 percent), and Lautem (16 percent) are more likely to exercise controlling behavior over their wives. Differences by education are not significant. Women in the highest wealth quintile report higher proportions of controlling behaviors exhibited by their husbands. 16.9 TYPES OF SPOUSAL VIOLENCE This section of the chapter is devoted to violence perpetrated by intimate partners who are married to the respondent or who live with the respondent as if married. Since spousal or intimate partner violence is the most common form of violence among women age 15-49, the 2009-10 TLDHS collected detailed information on the different types of violence experienced—physical, sexual, and emotional. Currently married women were asked about violence perpetrated by their current husband, and formerly married women were asked about violence perpetrated by their most recent husband. Respondents were asked about seven specific acts of physical violence, two acts of sexual violence, and three acts of emotional violence. The acts are listed in Table 16.8. The table shows that 34 percent of ever-married women have ever experienced physical violence at the hands of their husband or partner, and 31 percent have experienced physical violence in the past 12 months. Three percent have ever experienced sexual violence, and 2 percent experienced sexual violence in the past 12 months. The findings also show that 8 percent of women have ever experienced emotional violence and have experienced emotional violence in the past 12 months. Overall, 36 percent of ever-married women have experienced some kind of violence (physical, sexual, or emotional) by a husband or partner.
Table 16.8 Forms of spousal violence Percentage of ever-married women age 15-49 who have experienced various forms of violence ever or in the 12 months preceding the survey, committed by their husband/partner, Timor-Leste 2009-10 In the past 12 months 1 Form of violence Ever Often Sometimes Often or sometimes Physical violence Any Pushed her, shook her, or threw 33.5 1.7 29.0 30.7 something at her 14.7 0.9 13.1 14.0 Slapped her 30.4 1.1 26.6 27.7 Twisted her arm or pulled her hair Punched her with his fist or with 7.9 0.8 6.7 7.4 something that could hurt her Kicked her, dragged her, or beat 5.3 0.0 4.8 4.9 her up Tried to choke her or burn her on 7.9 0.4 6.8 7.2 purpose Threatened her or attacked her with a knife, gun, or any other 1.2 0.1 1.0 1.1 weapon Sexual violence 0.9 0.0 0.6 0.6 Any Physically forced her to have sexual intercourse with him even 2.9 0.1 1.9 2.0 when she did not want to Forced her to perform any sexual 2.0 0.1 1.6 1.7 acts she did not want to Sexual initiation was with current or most recent husband and was 1.2 0.0 0.9 0.9 forced2 Emotional violence 0.8 na na na Any Said or did something to humiliate 8.3 1.5 6.2 7.7 her in front of others Threatened to hurt or harm her or 5.8 1.0 4.3 5.3 someone close to her Insulted her or made her feel bad 3.2 0.5 2.5 3.0 about herself Any form of physical and/or sexual 3.9 1.0 2.5 3.5 violence Any form of physical and sexual 34.6 1.7 29.8 31.5 violence Any form of emotional, physical, 1.8 0.1 1.0 1.2 and/or sexual violence Any form of emotional, physical, 36.1 2.2 31.1 33.3 and sexual violence 1.0 0.1 0.6 0.7 Number of ever married women 1,959 1,890 1,890 1,890 Note: Husband/partner refers to the current husband/partner for currently married women and the most recent husband/partner for divorced, separated, or widowed women. 1 Excludes widows 2 Excludes women who have been married more than once since their sexual initiation could not have been with the current/ most recent partner na= Not applicable Among the various physical acts of violence experienced by women in the past 12 months, slapping was the most commonly reported act, experienced by 28 percent of women. Fourteen percent of women were pushed, shaken, or had something thrown at them by their husband or partner, 7 percent had their arms twisted or hair pulled by their husband or partner, and 7 percent were kicked, dragged, or beaten up. Two percent of women were forced to have sex by their husband/partner when they did not want to (Figure 16.1). Domestic Violence | 237
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Timor-Leste Demographic and Health
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CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
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CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7.1
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14.8 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and
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x | Tables and Figures CHAPTER 4 FE
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xii | Tables and Figures Table 11.4
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xiv | Tables and Figures Table 16.4
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FOREWORD The 2009-10 Timor-Leste De
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CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT Elias do
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about three children more than wome
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Postnatal Care. The majority of wom
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However, the level of chronic energ
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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICAT
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INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
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The government of Timor-Leste has l
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1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The
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1.8 HEMOGLOBIN TESTING In one-third
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In these households, 13,796 women w
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Table 2.1 Household population by a
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The percentage of children not livi
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The Early Childhood Care and Educat
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Table 2.4.2 Educational attainment
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The GAR at the primary school level
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ate (2 percent) than their rural co
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water. Thirty-six percent of househ
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The type of flooring material used
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Table 2.11 Wealth quintiles Percent
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Th
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Table 3.2.1 Educational attainment:
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Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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3.4.2 Occupation Respondents who we
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3.4.3 Earnings, Employers, and Cont
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Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 show the per
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Table 3.9.1 Use of tobacco: Women P
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FERTILITY 4 One of the major object
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Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
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calculated in the 2003 DHS follows
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of primary sterility. In Timor-Lest
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Table 4.8 Median age at first birth
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FAMILY PLANNING 5 In 2002, the Coun
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According to the 2003 DHS, knowledg
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Table 5.3.1 Ever use of contracepti
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
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Use increases with parity but with
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Female and male sterilizations are
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Table 5.10 Future use of contracept
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Table 5.13 Exposure to family plann
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Table 5.15 Husband/partner’s know
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6.2 POLYGYNY Polygyny (the practice
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20.9 years. Although the proportion
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84 | Other Proximate Determinants o
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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There is little difference in the p
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2 percent among women age 30-34 to
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92 | Fertility Preferences Table 7.
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94 | Fertility Preferences 7.3 NEED
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96 | Fertility Preferences an idea
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98 | Fertility Preferences The perc
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with their death, or they may live
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100 80 60 40 20 102 | Infant and Ch
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104 | Infant and Child Mortality Ta
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8.7 HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR Th
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ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 9 The
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9.2 ADULT MORTALITY Table 9.3 Sibsh
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MATERNAL HEALTH 10 Making Pregnancy
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among women in the lowest wealth qu
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A much lower percentage of Timorese
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Table 10.5 Knowledge of danger sign
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10.6.2 Assistance during Delivery O
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Table 10.8 Knowledge of danger sign
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Table 10.10 Application of material
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Table 10.12 Timing of first postnat
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Where health services are present,
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CHILD HEALTH 11 This chapter presen
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In the TLDHS, information on vaccin
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Boys (54 percent) are somewhat more
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The data indicate that two percent
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11.6 DIARRHEAL DISEASE Dehydration
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Table 11.8 Diarrhea treatment Among
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Ten percent of children with diarrh
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There are marked differences in the
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international reference population
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80 Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 150
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60 50 40 30 20 10 152 | Nutrition o
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Table 12.2 shows the percentages of
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100 Percent 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
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Table 12.5 Foods and liquids consum
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Table 12.6 Infant and young child f
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Table 12.7 shows the percentage of
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the most recent distribution preced
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Table 12.10 Nutritional status of w
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Table 12.12 shows data on micronutr
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12.12 PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN
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MALARIA 13 Malaria remains a leadin
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13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Chil
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Tables 13.3 and 13.4 show the perce
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The highest prevalence of fever is
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HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
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percent of women and 61 percent of
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Page 223 and 224: Table 14.6 Payment for sexual inter
Page 225 and 226: 14.5 MALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumc
Page 227 and 228: In the 2009-10 TLDHS, women and men
Page 229 and 230: 100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 64 Total
Page 231 and 232: 14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom
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Page 235 and 236: WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPH
Page 237 and 238: Table 15.2.1 Control over women’s
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Page 241 and 242: Table 15.4.1 Women’s participatio
Page 243 and 244: Table 15.5.1 Women’s participatio
Page 245 and 246: 15.5 ATTITUDES TOWARD WIFE BEATING
Page 247 and 248: Table 15.6.2 Attitude toward wife b
Page 249 and 250: Table 15.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
Page 251 and 252: Women’s empowerment is closely as
Page 253 and 254: Table 15.8 Indicators of women’s
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Page 257 and 258: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16 In the words o
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Page 267: Domestic violence is not limited to
Page 271 and 272: Table 16.9—Continued Emotional vi
Page 273 and 274: Table 16.10 Spousal violence by hus
Page 275 and 276: 16.14 Physical Violence by Women ag
Page 277 and 278: 16.15 HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF WOME
Page 279 and 280: 16.17 SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES The f
Page 281 and 282: REFERENCES Acharya, M. 2010. Effort
Page 283 and 284: Ministry of Health (MOH) [Timor-Les
Page 285: World Health Organization (WHO), Wo
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Page 290 and 291: A.5 SURVEY RESULTS 258 | Appendix A
Page 293 and 294: ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
Page 295 and 296: Table B.1 List of selected variable
Page 297 and 298: Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
Page 299 and 300: Table B.5 Sampling errors for Aileu
Page 301 and 302: Table B.7 Sampling errors for Bauca
Page 303 and 304: Table B.9 Sampling errors for Coval
Page 305 and 306: Table B.11 Sampling errors for Erme
Page 307 and 308: Table B.13 Sampling errors for Liqu
Page 309 and 310: Table B.15 Sampling errors for Manu
Page 311: Table B.17 Sampling errors for Viqu
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Page 316 and 317: 284 | Appendix C Table C.5 Reportin
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286 | Appendix C Table C.7 Nutritio
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2009-10 TIM
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Martinho da Costa Cesaltina Falcao
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QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix E Appendix
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296 | Appendix E Introduction and C
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IF AGE 15 IF AGE 0-17 YEARS IF AGE
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300 | Appendix E HOUSEHOLD CHARACTE
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302 | Appendix E NO. QUESTIONS AND
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306 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND
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308 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AN
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310 | Appendix E
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312 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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314 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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212 316 | Appendix E 213 214 215 21
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326 | Appendix E LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO
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350 | Appendix E LAST SEXUAL PARTNE
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352 | Appendix E SECTION 7. FERTILI
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356 | Appendix E SECTION 8. HUSBAND
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362 | Appendix E SECTION 10. OTHER
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364 | Appendix E SECTION 11. MATERN
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366 | Appendix E SECTION 12. DOMEST
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372 | Appendix E INSTRUCTIONS: 2 04
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374 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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376 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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378 | Appendix E SECTION 3. CONTRAC
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380 | Appendix E 311 Where is that?
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386 | Appendix E SECTION 5. FERTILI
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388 | Appendix E SECTION 6. EMPLOYM
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390 | Appendix E SECTION 7. HIV/AID
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