Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

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Table 15.7.2 Attitude toward refusing sexual intercourse with husband: Men Percentage of all men age 15-49 who believe that a wife is justified in refusing to have sexual intercourse with her husband in specific circumstances, by background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Wife is justified in refusing intercourse with her husband if she: Knows Knows Percentage Percentage husband has husband has who agree who agree a sexually intercourse Is tired or with all of the with none of Background transmitted with other not in the specified the specified Number of characteristic Age disease women mood reasons reasons men 15-19 58.3 55.7 58.3 39.6 28.0 994 20-24 72.4 68.7 75.0 53.7 13.6 643 25-29 75.4 76.4 82.4 55.8 6.3 586 30-34 80.4 78.6 82.7 59.6 4.8 439 35-39 74.6 78.5 83.9 56.9 4.7 553 40-44 78.9 80.1 83.7 62.0 5.4 462 45-49 Employment (past 12 months) 79.3 76.3 78.3 57.7 6.7 400 Not employed 66.7 56.0 69.6 45.1 19.3 538 Employed for cash 76.0 77.2 83.0 55.7 5.6 973 Employed not for cash Marital status 71.5 71.9 73.6 53.5 13.4 2,564 Never married 64.0 60.2 65.5 44.1 21.3 1,865 Married or living together 78.7 80.2 84.0 60.6 4.6 2,158 Divorced/separated/widowed Number of living children 75.9 80.0 72.2 54.6 9.1 53 0 64.8 61.7 66.5 45.1 20.2 2,009 1-2 81.3 81.0 85.2 62.4 3.9 638 3-4 76.6 81.7 84.4 59.3 3.6 720 5+ Residence 79.1 77.8 82.4 60.1 6.2 709 Urban 75.0 65.1 78.5 51.0 9.8 1,102 Rural District 70.9 73.3 74.2 53.7 13.2 2,974 Aileu 54.9 50.2 47.8 37.3 34.9 181 Ainaro 74.1 68.3 78.8 62.9 17.2 217 Baucau 65.3 85.9 79.9 51.3 6.4 415 Bobonaro 68.6 67.3 44.0 11.6 1.7 357 Covalima 86.7 90.1 89.6 78.2 1.8 236 Dili 70.3 60.4 78.6 45.4 11.2 797 Ermera 71.2 71.5 71.9 67.3 25.3 491 Lautem 91.4 73.4 92.8 68.4 2.5 308 Liquiçá 73.9 39.3 61.9 30.2 21.2 252 Manatuto 99.2 99.2 99.4 98.9 0.6 190 Manufahi 95.2 95.3 88.0 87.2 3.4 137 Oecussi 92.5 94.3 95.9 87.2 1.6 235 Viqueque Education 14.8 57.7 60.3 9.0 30.8 260 No education 66.9 70.0 72.3 49.1 13.6 791 Primary 70.0 68.2 69.2 48.2 15.4 1,046 Secondary 74.3 72.3 78.9 55.9 10.9 2,009 More than secondary Wealth quintile 78.2 77.5 83.3 62.4 5.8 230 Lowest 68.0 72.1 74.4 52.5 13.8 728 Second 67.9 70.1 70.3 50.4 16.2 781 Middle 73.9 73.2 75.4 54.3 11.0 786 Fourth 73.0 73.2 75.8 53.6 11.4 849 Highest 76.0 67.3 79.9 53.7 9.7 932 Total 15-49 72.0 71.1 75.4 53.0 12.3 4,076 Note: Total includes one man missing information on employment status. Twenty percent of women and 12 percent of men agree with none of the reasons. The two most accepted reasons for refusing to have sex, among women and men, are if the wife knows her husband has a sexually transmitted disease and if a wife is tired or not in the mood. Though not significant, for both women and men, the least acceptable reason for a wife to refuse sex is when she knows that her husband has intercourse with other women. 218 | Women’s Empowerment and Demographic and Health Outcomes
Women’s empowerment is closely associated with the support she receives from her husband and family members. The 2009-10 TLDHS explored men’s attitude toward a husband’s rights when his wife refuses to have sexual intercourse. Men were asked whether, when a wife refuses to have sexual intercourse with him, a husband has the right to get angry and reprimand her, refuse her financial support, use force to have sex, or have sex with another woman. Table 15.7.3 indicates that the majority of men (55 percent) agree with none of the reasons to justify negative behavior on the part of a man if his wife refuses to have sexual intercourse with him. On the other hand, 6 percent of men agree with all of the specified rights for men to exhibit the specified negative behavior, with men in Ermera reporting this most often (28 percent), followed by men in Oecussi (17 percent). Table 15.7.3 Men’s attitude toward a husband’s rights when his wife refuses to have sexual intercourse Percentage of men age 15-49 who consider that a husband has the right to certain behaviors when a woman refuses to have sex with him when he wants her to, by background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 When a woman refuses to have sex with her husband, he has the right to: Percentage Percentage Get angry Have sex who agree who agree and Refuse her Use force with with all of the with none of Background reprimand financial to have another specified the specified Number of characteristic Age her support sex woman reasons reasons men 15-19 31.4 16.0 13.4 15.2 2.7 57.2 994 20-24 29.8 20.3 15.5 19.0 6.1 59.8 643 25-29 31.0 22.3 15.7 23.3 6.9 54.6 586 30-34 34.0 21.7 17.6 24.8 8.4 54.5 439 35-39 35.2 22.6 16.7 25.4 8.2 54.1 553 40-44 35.7 26.1 18.7 28.2 8.9 50.5 462 45-49 Employment (past 12 months) 35.9 24.7 17.6 24.9 7.2 48.0 400 Not employed 18.9 8.9 5.2 10.1 1.2 72.8 538 Employed for cash 26.6 15.5 11.6 17.4 4.0 63.4 973 Employed not for cash Marital status 38.1 25.7 19.9 26.0 8.3 47.9 2,564 Never married 29.6 17.0 13.4 15.7 3.4 59.5 1,865 Married or living together 35.6 24.5 17.8 26.8 8.6 50.8 2,158 Divorced/separated/widowed Number of living children 33.2 25.5 31.6 32.3 17.2 57.8 53 0 29.6 17.3 13.6 16.7 3.7 59.1 2,009 1-2 35.5 24.7 18.1 26.4 10.1 52.6 638 3-4 35.3 22.5 17.0 26.5 7.3 52.2 720 5+ Residence 37.0 27.3 19.8 27.6 9.5 47.5 709 Urban 23.6 12.8 6.2 11.2 2.3 67.6 1,102 Rural District 36.2 24.1 19.6 25.7 7.8 50.1 2,974 Aileu 13.0 3.3 1.1 2.7 0.7 85.9 181 Ainaro 8.7 7.4 0.4 7.3 0.0 82.6 217 Baucau 65.7 36.5 56.9 67.5 12.2 9.8 415 Bobonaro 16.6 14.8 34.7 24.2 0.7 35.0 357 Covalima 81.6 66.5 6.6 5.8 2.7 6.8 236 Dili 11.6 4.8 1.2 5.9 0.2 81.0 797 Ermera 41.7 35.1 33.5 44.2 27.7 48.5 491 Lautem 76.4 27.4 7.7 7.0 4.0 22.1 308 Liquiçá 3.8 2.4 2.1 2.3 0.0 92.1 252 Manatuto 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3 98.6 190 Manufahi 33.7 5.8 6.2 6.2 5.4 64.6 137 Oecussi 65.5 64.4 23.5 72.9 16.7 17.7 235 Viqueque Education 10.0 5.6 2.0 6.2 0.0 84.3 260 No education 29.7 24.6 21.6 27.5 9.5 52.8 791 Primary 32.9 23.0 17.6 25.8 6.3 51.8 1,046 Secondary 35.0 19.7 14.2 19.1 5.6 55.5 2,009 More than secondary Wealth quintile 24.6 12.4 5.2 8.2 2.1 69.6 230 Lowest 38.6 24.3 14.1 25.4 5.0 48.7 728 Second 32.7 23.3 19.5 24.1 8.8 52.7 781 Middle 35.3 21.4 21.6 25.5 8.1 50.6 786 Fourth 37.2 24.3 16.5 22.5 7.7 52.0 849 Highest 22.3 13.5 9.3 13.2 2.5 67.6 932 Total 15-49 32.8 21.1 16.0 21.8 6.3 54.9 4,076 Note: Total includes one man missing information on employment status. Women’s Empowerment and Demographic and Health Outcomes | 219
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Timor-Leste Demographic and Health
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CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
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CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7.1
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14.8 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and
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x | Tables and Figures CHAPTER 4 FE
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xii | Tables and Figures Table 11.4
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xiv | Tables and Figures Table 16.4
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FOREWORD The 2009-10 Timor-Leste De
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CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT Elias do
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about three children more than wome
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Postnatal Care. The majority of wom
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However, the level of chronic energ
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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICAT
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INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
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The government of Timor-Leste has l
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1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The
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1.8 HEMOGLOBIN TESTING In one-third
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In these households, 13,796 women w
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Table 2.1 Household population by a
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The percentage of children not livi
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The Early Childhood Care and Educat
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Table 2.4.2 Educational attainment
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The GAR at the primary school level
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ate (2 percent) than their rural co
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water. Thirty-six percent of househ
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The type of flooring material used
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Table 2.11 Wealth quintiles Percent
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Th
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Table 3.2.1 Educational attainment:
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Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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3.4.2 Occupation Respondents who we
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3.4.3 Earnings, Employers, and Cont
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Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 show the per
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Table 3.9.1 Use of tobacco: Women P
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FERTILITY 4 One of the major object
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Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
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calculated in the 2003 DHS follows
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of primary sterility. In Timor-Lest
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Table 4.8 Median age at first birth
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FAMILY PLANNING 5 In 2002, the Coun
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According to the 2003 DHS, knowledg
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Table 5.3.1 Ever use of contracepti
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
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Use increases with parity but with
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Female and male sterilizations are
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Table 5.10 Future use of contracept
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Table 5.13 Exposure to family plann
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Table 5.15 Husband/partner’s know
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6.2 POLYGYNY Polygyny (the practice
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20.9 years. Although the proportion
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84 | Other Proximate Determinants o
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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There is little difference in the p
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2 percent among women age 30-34 to
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92 | Fertility Preferences Table 7.
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94 | Fertility Preferences 7.3 NEED
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96 | Fertility Preferences an idea
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98 | Fertility Preferences The perc
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with their death, or they may live
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100 80 60 40 20 102 | Infant and Ch
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104 | Infant and Child Mortality Ta
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8.7 HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR Th
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ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 9 The
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9.2 ADULT MORTALITY Table 9.3 Sibsh
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MATERNAL HEALTH 10 Making Pregnancy
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among women in the lowest wealth qu
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A much lower percentage of Timorese
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Table 10.5 Knowledge of danger sign
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10.6.2 Assistance during Delivery O
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Table 10.8 Knowledge of danger sign
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Table 10.10 Application of material
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Table 10.12 Timing of first postnat
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Where health services are present,
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CHILD HEALTH 11 This chapter presen
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In the TLDHS, information on vaccin
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Boys (54 percent) are somewhat more
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The data indicate that two percent
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11.6 DIARRHEAL DISEASE Dehydration
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Table 11.8 Diarrhea treatment Among
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Ten percent of children with diarrh
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There are marked differences in the
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international reference population
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80 Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 150
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60 50 40 30 20 10 152 | Nutrition o
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Table 12.2 shows the percentages of
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100 Percent 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
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Table 12.5 Foods and liquids consum
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Table 12.6 Infant and young child f
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Table 12.7 shows the percentage of
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the most recent distribution preced
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Table 12.10 Nutritional status of w
Page 200 and 201: Table 12.12 shows data on micronutr
Page 202 and 203: 12.12 PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN
Page 205 and 206: MALARIA 13 Malaria remains a leadin
Page 207 and 208: 13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Chil
Page 209 and 210: Tables 13.3 and 13.4 show the perce
Page 211 and 212: The highest prevalence of fever is
Page 213 and 214: HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
Page 215 and 216: percent of women and 61 percent of
Page 217 and 218: person who has AIDS or by sharing c
Page 219 and 220: Comprehensive knowledge about AIDS
Page 221 and 222: HIV or AIDS on all four indicators
Page 223 and 224: Table 14.6 Payment for sexual inter
Page 225 and 226: 14.5 MALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumc
Page 227 and 228: In the 2009-10 TLDHS, women and men
Page 229 and 230: 100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 64 Total
Page 231 and 232: 14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom
Page 233 and 234: To assess the extent of condom use
Page 235 and 236: WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPH
Page 237 and 238: Table 15.2.1 Control over women’s
Page 239 and 240: Table 15.2.2 Control over men's cas
Page 241 and 242: Table 15.4.1 Women’s participatio
Page 243 and 244: Table 15.5.1 Women’s participatio
Page 245 and 246: 15.5 ATTITUDES TOWARD WIFE BEATING
Page 247 and 248: Table 15.6.2 Attitude toward wife b
Page 249: Table 15.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
Page 253 and 254: Table 15.8 Indicators of women’s
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Page 257 and 258: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16 In the words o
Page 259 and 260: partner] hit, slapped, kicked, or d
Page 261 and 262: Table 16.1 Experience of physical v
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Page 267 and 268: Domestic violence is not limited to
Page 269 and 270: Table 16.8 Forms of spousal violenc
Page 271 and 272: Table 16.9—Continued Emotional vi
Page 273 and 274: Table 16.10 Spousal violence by hus
Page 275 and 276: 16.14 Physical Violence by Women ag
Page 277 and 278: 16.15 HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF WOME
Page 279 and 280: 16.17 SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES The f
Page 281 and 282: REFERENCES Acharya, M. 2010. Effort
Page 283 and 284: Ministry of Health (MOH) [Timor-Les
Page 285: World Health Organization (WHO), Wo
Page 288 and 289: 256 | Appendix A during the populat
Page 290 and 291: A.5 SURVEY RESULTS 258 | Appendix A
Page 293 and 294: ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
Page 295 and 296: Table B.1 List of selected variable
Page 297 and 298: Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
Page 299 and 300: Table B.5 Sampling errors for Aileu
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Table B.7 Sampling errors for Bauca
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Table B.9 Sampling errors for Coval
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Table B.11 Sampling errors for Erme
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Table B.13 Sampling errors for Liqu
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Table B.15 Sampling errors for Manu
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Table B.17 Sampling errors for Viqu
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282 | Appendix C Table C.2.1 Age di
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284 | Appendix C Table C.5 Reportin
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286 | Appendix C Table C.7 Nutritio
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2009-10 TIM
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Martinho da Costa Cesaltina Falcao
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QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix E Appendix
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296 | Appendix E Introduction and C
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IF AGE 15 IF AGE 0-17 YEARS IF AGE
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300 | Appendix E HOUSEHOLD CHARACTE
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302 | Appendix E NO. QUESTIONS AND
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306 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND
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308 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AN
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310 | Appendix E
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312 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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314 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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212 316 | Appendix E 213 214 215 21
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326 | Appendix E LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO
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350 | Appendix E LAST SEXUAL PARTNE
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352 | Appendix E SECTION 7. FERTILI
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356 | Appendix E SECTION 8. HUSBAND
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362 | Appendix E SECTION 10. OTHER
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364 | Appendix E SECTION 11. MATERN
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366 | Appendix E SECTION 12. DOMEST
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372 | Appendix E INSTRUCTIONS: 2 04
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374 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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376 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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378 | Appendix E SECTION 3. CONTRAC
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380 | Appendix E 311 Where is that?
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386 | Appendix E SECTION 5. FERTILI
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388 | Appendix E SECTION 6. EMPLOYM
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390 | Appendix E SECTION 7. HIV/AID
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