Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

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Table 14.10 Prevalence of medical injections Percentage of women and men age 15-49 who received at least one medical injection in the last 12 months, the average number of medical injections per person in the last 12 months, and among those who received a medical injection, the percentage of last medical injections for which the syringe and needle were taken from a new, unopened package, by background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Background characteristic Percentage Average number of who received medical a medical injections per injection in person in the last the last 12 months 12 months 196 | HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Women Men Number of women For last injection, syringe and needle taken from a new, unopened package Number of respondents receiving medical injections in the last 12 months Percentage who received a medical injection in the last 12 months Average number of medical injections per person in the last 12 months Number of men For last injection, syringe and needle taken from a new, unopened package Number of respondents receiving medical injections in the last 12 months Age 15-24 22.5 0.5 5,487 98.5 1,233 5.1 0.1 1,636 100.0 83 15-19 22.6 0.5 3,144 98.7 712 4.0 0.1 994 (100.0) 40 20-24 22.3 0.5 2,343 98.2 522 6.7 0.2 643 100.0 43 25-29 20.9 0.8 1,897 99.1 396 6.8 0.2 586 (100.0) 40 30-39 22.7 1.0 3,219 97.5 729 7.5 0.2 992 95.3 74 40-49 Residence 19.7 1.0 2,534 97.6 499 6.6 0.2 861 96.6 57 Urban 18.4 0.4 3,439 98.6 633 9.5 0.3 1,102 98.1 104 Rural District 22.9 0.9 9,698 98.1 2,225 5.0 0.1 2,974 97.7 150 Aileu 53.6 1.0 554 98.9 297 8.2 0.1 181 * 15 Ainaro 14.8 0.3 619 99.4 92 1.5 0.0 217 * 3 Baucau 16.9 0.3 1,408 93.8 239 0.8 0.0 415 * 3 Bobonaro 5.5 2.9 1,262 96.1 69 0.0 0.0 357 * 0 Covalima 18.7 0.5 781 98.8 146 11.4 0.3 236 (100.0) 27 Dili 12.8 0.3 2,466 97.8 315 11.2 0.3 797 (96.2) 89 Ermera 3.0 0.1 1,542 (95.3) 45 1.2 0.0 491 * 6 Lautem 15.6 0.3 864 98.1 135 4.9 0.4 308 * 15 Liquiçá 60.3 1.6 801 99.1 483 4.6 0.1 252 * 12 Manatuto 35.0 1.0 603 98.8 211 30.9 0.9 190 99.1 59 Manufahi 30.1 0.7 470 100.0 142 3.7 0.0 137 * 5 Oecussi 68.0 1.7 884 98.5 601 8.6 0.2 235 * 20 Viqueque Education 9.3 0.2 882 97.5 82 0.0 0.0 260 * 0 No education 20.2 0.8 3,854 97.4 780 3.1 0.1 791 (93.8) 25 Primary 24.1 1.0 3,005 98.4 725 5.4 0.1 1,046 100.0 56 Secondary 22.0 0.6 5,829 98.4 1,284 7.2 0.2 2,009 98.7 145 More than secondary Wealth quintile 15.3 0.4 449 100.0 69 11.9 0.3 230 * 27 Lowest 27.4 0.7 2,314 98.3 635 3.6 0.1 728 (96.4) 26 Second 21.8 1.1 2,468 98.9 538 3.6 0.1 781 (100.0) 28 Middle 20.6 0.7 2,590 98.0 534 4.9 0.1 786 100.0 39 Fourth 21.7 0.9 2,687 97.6 584 6.2 0.2 849 98.9 53 Highest 18.4 0.6 3,077 98.0 567 11.6 0.4 932 96.4 108 Total 15-49 21.8 0.8 13,137 98.2 2,858 6.2 0.2 4,076 97.9 254 Note: Medical injections are those given by a doctor, nurse, pharmacist, dentist or other health worker. Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases. An asterisk indicates that a figure is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases and has been suppressed. There are small variations by age in the likelihood of receiving an injection in the past 12 months among women, but among men it is highest among those age 30-39 (8 percent) and lowest among those age 15-19 (4 percent). The likelihood of receiving an injection in the past 12 months is higher among rural than urban women, but the reverse is true for men. It is highest among women with primary education and among women in the lowest wealth quintile, but highest among men with more than secondary education and men in the highest wealth quintile. Use of injections is highest among women residing in Oecussi and men in Manatuto. Respondents who had received an injection in the past 12 months were asked where they obtained their last injection. About two in three women (64 percent) and four in five men (83 percent) age 15-49 received their last medical injection from a public sector facility; 5 percent of women and 9 percent of men received their last injection from a private medical facility (Figure 14.2). Within the public sector, women are most likely to obtain their last medical injection at community health centers, while men are most likely to receive theirs from government hospitals.
100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 64 Total public medical Figure 14.2 Source of Last Medical Injection 83 17 Government hospital 38 30 26 Community health center 19 16 Health post 9 3 5 4 7 0 Other public Total private medical Private hospital/clinic/doctor Women Men 1 Other private medical 14.8 HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIOR AMONG YOUTH 1 11 Home 7 14 School 0 7 Other 1 Timor-Leste 2009-10 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS issues and related sexual behavior among youth age 15-24 is of particular interest because the period between sexual initiation and marriage is for many young people a time of sexual experimentation that may involve high-risk behaviors. This section considers a number of issues that relate to both transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS among youth, including the extent to which youth have comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention modes and knowledge of a source where they can obtain condoms. Issues such as abstinence, age at sexual debut, and condom use are also covered in this section. HIV programming for young people is complex. Social norms place value on sexual abstinence in Timor-Leste. To reinforce these norms, HIV programs targeted at youth must include a strong emphasis on the development of life skills. Youths, especially young women, need skills in assertiveness and negotiation if they are to take actions based on informed decision-making. It is important to educate young people regarding condom use to prevent the risk of HIV and other STI transmission (MOH, 2006). 14.8.1 Comprehensive Knowledge about HIV/AIDS and Source for Condoms Knowledge of how HIV is transmitted is crucial for enabling young people to avoid HIV infection. Table 14.11 shows that only 12 percent of women and 20 percent of men age 15-24 have comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS. The level of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/ AIDS does not vary greatly by marital status within the male population. Among young women, comprehensive knowledge is higher among those who have never been married than among those ever-married. Comprehensive knowledge increases with age, as both men and women age 20-24 have a higher level of comprehensive knowledge of HIV compared to those age 15-19. Not surprisingly, comprehensive knowledge is higher among urban women (14 percent) than rural women (12 percent) and is twice as high among urban men as among rural men (34 percent and 15 percent, respectively). One in four young women in Baucau has comprehensive knowledge compared with less than 3 percent of young women in Ainaro. Comprehensive knowledge is relatively higher among young men in Manatuto (62 percent). Comprehensive knowledge generally rises with education and wealth quintile among both women and men. HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior | 197
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Timor-Leste Demographic and Health
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CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
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CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7.1
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14.8 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and
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x | Tables and Figures CHAPTER 4 FE
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xii | Tables and Figures Table 11.4
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xiv | Tables and Figures Table 16.4
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FOREWORD The 2009-10 Timor-Leste De
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CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT Elias do
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about three children more than wome
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Postnatal Care. The majority of wom
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However, the level of chronic energ
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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICAT
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INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
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The government of Timor-Leste has l
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1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The
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1.8 HEMOGLOBIN TESTING In one-third
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In these households, 13,796 women w
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Table 2.1 Household population by a
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The percentage of children not livi
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The Early Childhood Care and Educat
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Table 2.4.2 Educational attainment
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The GAR at the primary school level
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ate (2 percent) than their rural co
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water. Thirty-six percent of househ
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The type of flooring material used
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Table 2.11 Wealth quintiles Percent
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Th
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Table 3.2.1 Educational attainment:
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Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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3.4.2 Occupation Respondents who we
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3.4.3 Earnings, Employers, and Cont
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Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 show the per
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Table 3.9.1 Use of tobacco: Women P
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FERTILITY 4 One of the major object
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Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
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calculated in the 2003 DHS follows
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of primary sterility. In Timor-Lest
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Table 4.8 Median age at first birth
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FAMILY PLANNING 5 In 2002, the Coun
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According to the 2003 DHS, knowledg
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Table 5.3.1 Ever use of contracepti
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
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Use increases with parity but with
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Female and male sterilizations are
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Table 5.10 Future use of contracept
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Table 5.13 Exposure to family plann
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Table 5.15 Husband/partner’s know
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6.2 POLYGYNY Polygyny (the practice
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20.9 years. Although the proportion
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84 | Other Proximate Determinants o
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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There is little difference in the p
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2 percent among women age 30-34 to
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92 | Fertility Preferences Table 7.
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94 | Fertility Preferences 7.3 NEED
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96 | Fertility Preferences an idea
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98 | Fertility Preferences The perc
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with their death, or they may live
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100 80 60 40 20 102 | Infant and Ch
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104 | Infant and Child Mortality Ta
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8.7 HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR Th
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ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 9 The
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9.2 ADULT MORTALITY Table 9.3 Sibsh
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MATERNAL HEALTH 10 Making Pregnancy
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among women in the lowest wealth qu
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A much lower percentage of Timorese
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Table 10.5 Knowledge of danger sign
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10.6.2 Assistance during Delivery O
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Table 10.8 Knowledge of danger sign
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Table 10.10 Application of material
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Table 10.12 Timing of first postnat
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Where health services are present,
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CHILD HEALTH 11 This chapter presen
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In the TLDHS, information on vaccin
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Boys (54 percent) are somewhat more
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The data indicate that two percent
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11.6 DIARRHEAL DISEASE Dehydration
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Table 11.8 Diarrhea treatment Among
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Ten percent of children with diarrh
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Page 180 and 181: international reference population
Page 182 and 183: 80 Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 150
Page 184 and 185: 60 50 40 30 20 10 152 | Nutrition o
Page 186 and 187: Table 12.2 shows the percentages of
Page 188 and 189: 100 Percent 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
Page 190 and 191: Table 12.5 Foods and liquids consum
Page 192 and 193: Table 12.6 Infant and young child f
Page 194 and 195: Table 12.7 shows the percentage of
Page 196 and 197: the most recent distribution preced
Page 198 and 199: Table 12.10 Nutritional status of w
Page 200 and 201: Table 12.12 shows data on micronutr
Page 202 and 203: 12.12 PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN
Page 205 and 206: MALARIA 13 Malaria remains a leadin
Page 207 and 208: 13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Chil
Page 209 and 210: Tables 13.3 and 13.4 show the perce
Page 211 and 212: The highest prevalence of fever is
Page 213 and 214: HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
Page 215 and 216: percent of women and 61 percent of
Page 217 and 218: person who has AIDS or by sharing c
Page 219 and 220: Comprehensive knowledge about AIDS
Page 221 and 222: HIV or AIDS on all four indicators
Page 223 and 224: Table 14.6 Payment for sexual inter
Page 225 and 226: 14.5 MALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumc
Page 227: In the 2009-10 TLDHS, women and men
Page 231 and 232: 14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom
Page 233 and 234: To assess the extent of condom use
Page 235 and 236: WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPH
Page 237 and 238: Table 15.2.1 Control over women’s
Page 239 and 240: Table 15.2.2 Control over men's cas
Page 241 and 242: Table 15.4.1 Women’s participatio
Page 243 and 244: Table 15.5.1 Women’s participatio
Page 245 and 246: 15.5 ATTITUDES TOWARD WIFE BEATING
Page 247 and 248: Table 15.6.2 Attitude toward wife b
Page 249 and 250: Table 15.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
Page 251 and 252: Women’s empowerment is closely as
Page 253 and 254: Table 15.8 Indicators of women’s
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Page 257 and 258: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16 In the words o
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Page 267 and 268: Domestic violence is not limited to
Page 269 and 270: Table 16.8 Forms of spousal violenc
Page 271 and 272: Table 16.9—Continued Emotional vi
Page 273 and 274: Table 16.10 Spousal violence by hus
Page 275 and 276: 16.14 Physical Violence by Women ag
Page 277 and 278: 16.15 HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF WOME
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16.17 SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES The f
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REFERENCES Acharya, M. 2010. Effort
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Ministry of Health (MOH) [Timor-Les
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World Health Organization (WHO), Wo
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256 | Appendix A during the populat
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A.5 SURVEY RESULTS 258 | Appendix A
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
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Table B.1 List of selected variable
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Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
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Table B.5 Sampling errors for Aileu
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Table B.7 Sampling errors for Bauca
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Table B.9 Sampling errors for Coval
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Table B.11 Sampling errors for Erme
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Table B.13 Sampling errors for Liqu
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Table B.15 Sampling errors for Manu
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Table B.17 Sampling errors for Viqu
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282 | Appendix C Table C.2.1 Age di
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284 | Appendix C Table C.5 Reportin
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286 | Appendix C Table C.7 Nutritio
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2009-10 TIM
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Martinho da Costa Cesaltina Falcao
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QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix E Appendix
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296 | Appendix E Introduction and C
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IF AGE 15 IF AGE 0-17 YEARS IF AGE
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300 | Appendix E HOUSEHOLD CHARACTE
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302 | Appendix E NO. QUESTIONS AND
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306 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND
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308 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AN
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310 | Appendix E
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312 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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314 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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212 316 | Appendix E 213 214 215 21
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326 | Appendix E LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO
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350 | Appendix E LAST SEXUAL PARTNE
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352 | Appendix E SECTION 7. FERTILI
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356 | Appendix E SECTION 8. HUSBAND
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362 | Appendix E SECTION 10. OTHER
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364 | Appendix E SECTION 11. MATERN
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366 | Appendix E SECTION 12. DOMEST
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372 | Appendix E INSTRUCTIONS: 2 04
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374 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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376 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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378 | Appendix E SECTION 3. CONTRAC
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380 | Appendix E 311 Where is that?
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386 | Appendix E SECTION 5. FERTILI
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388 | Appendix E SECTION 6. EMPLOYM
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390 | Appendix E SECTION 7. HIV/AID
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