Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

174 | Malaria 13.1 MOSQUITO NETS 13.1.1 Ownership of Mosquito Nets A simple and relatively inexpensive way to control malaria is through the use of bed nets, which effectively breaks the host-vector link by creating a physical barrier between humans and the female Anopheles mosquito, which feeds primarily at night. Treating bed nets with an insecticide that leaves a residual effect has the added advantage of repelling and/or killing the mosquitoes. This leads to a reduction in the vector population and, eventually, to the termination of their ability to transmit malaria. The Timor-Leste health service therefore promotes the ownership and use of insecticidetreated mosquito nets, particularly factory-treated LLINs, as one of the primary interventions for reducing malaria transmission and morbidity in the country. The two types of LLINs promoted by the MOH are Olyset and Permanet, which require re-treatment after about four years or 20 washes, in contrast with the standard insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) that need to be re-treated every six months, or after three washes. Table 13.1 shows the percentage of households with at least one and more than one mosquito net (treated or untreated), ever-treated net, and ITN, by background characteristics. The data show that 45 percent of households in Timor-Leste own at least one mosquito net, whether treated or untreated, 44 percent own at least one ever-treated net, and 41 percent of households own at least one ITN. More than one in three households own more than one of any type of net. Urban households are more likely to own at least one ITN than rural households. Households belonging to the fourth and fifth wealth quintiles are more likely to have at least one ITN compared with those in the lower wealth quintiles. Households in Covalima (62 percent) are most likely to have at least one ITN compared with all other districts. Ownership of ITNs is particularly low in Ainaro, Baucau, Ermera, and Manufahi, probably due to their higher altitude and reduced risk of mosquito exposure. Table 13.1 Ownership of mosquito nets Percentage of households with at least one and more than one mosquito net (treated or untreated), ever treated mosquito net, and insecticide-treated net (ITN), and the average number of nets per household, by background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Background characteristic Percentage with at least one Any type of mosquito net Ever-treated mosquito net 1 Percentage with more than one Average number of nets per household Percentage with at least one Percentage with more than one Average number of ever treated nets per household Insecticide-treated mosquito net (ITNs) 2 Percentage with at least one Percentage with more than one Average number of ITNs per household Number of households Residence Urban 60.6 43.5 1.3 55.8 37.9 1.1 51.0 34.0 1.0 2,695 Rural District 40.8 26.7 0.8 39.9 26.0 0.8 37.7 24.1 0.7 8,768 Aileu 52.5 37.4 1.1 51.9 36.7 1.1 51.8 36.6 1.0 445 Ainaro 20.8 10.3 0.3 16.1 8.1 0.3 15.5 7.9 0.3 674 Baucau 24.9 16.6 0.5 24.8 16.6 0.5 22.5 15.0 0.4 1,338 Bobonaro 48.8 33.9 1.0 45.3 29.9 0.9 41.6 26.6 0.8 1,097 Covalima 66.5 52.4 1.4 65.5 51.2 1.4 62.4 47.7 1.3 684 Dili 61.2 43.9 1.3 55.8 37.6 1.1 51.4 34.1 1.0 1,911 Ermera 26.8 14.9 0.5 26.7 14.9 0.5 26.7 14.9 0.5 1,253 Lautem 54.3 32.8 1.0 54.3 32.8 1.0 53.4 31.8 1.0 751 Liquiçá 41.2 23.3 0.8 40.2 22.6 0.7 38.0 20.9 0.7 640 Manatutu 61.9 48.5 1.4 61.8 48.4 1.4 54.7 40.7 1.2 490 Manufahi 27.9 18.3 0.5 27.3 17.5 0.5 23.3 15.0 0.4 495 Oecussi 58.6 34.4 1.1 57.0 33.1 1.0 54.3 30.5 0.9 817 Viqueque Wealth quintile 47.9 33.4 1.0 47.9 33.4 1.0 43.3 29.9 0.9 869 Lowest 25.1 12.4 0.4 24.6 12.2 0.4 23.6 11.6 0.4 2,432 Second 33.7 19.2 0.6 32.8 18.6 0.6 31.2 17.3 0.5 2,354 Middle 44.6 28.8 0.8 43.5 27.6 0.8 41.2 26.1 0.8 2,254 Fourth 60.9 43.4 1.3 58.9 41.2 1.2 55.5 38.1 1.1 2,187 Highest 65.7 52.0 1.5 60.9 46.7 1.4 55.2 41.0 1.2 2,235 Total 45.4 30.6 0.9 43.6 28.8 0.9 40.9 26.4 0.8 11,463 1 An ever-treated net is (1) a factory net that does not require any further treatment or (2) any pretreated net. 2 An insecticide treated net (ITN) is (1) a factory treated net that does not require any further treatment or (2) a pretreated net obtained within the past 12 months.
13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Children Age is an important factor in determining levels of acquired immunity against malaria. For the first six months of life, antibodies acquired from the mother during pregnancy protect children from malaria. Upon weaning, this immunity is gradually lost, and children start developing their own immunity over a period of time. Unlike immunity for some other infectious diseases, immunity against malaria is not permanent, and protection from infection requires the regular use of protective interventions. ITNs confer some protection if used regularly. In the 2009-10 TLDHS, respondents to the Household Questionnaire were asked about the use of mosquito nets by all members of the household the night before the interview. Table 13.2 presents information on the use of mosquito nets by children under age 5 in all households, and in households with an ITN, by background characteristics. The results show that 45 percent of children under age 5 in all households slept under a treated or untreated mosquito net the night before the survey, and 41 percent slept under an ITN. In households that own at least one ITN, more than four in five children (83 percent) slept under an ITN. Table 13.2 Use of mosquito nets by children Among children under five years of age in all households, the percentages of children under five years of age who slept the night before the survey under a mosquito net (treated or untreated), under an ever-treated mosquito net, and under an insecticide-treated net (ITN), and among children under five years of age in households with at least one ITN, the percentage who slept the night before the survey under an ITN, by background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Background characteristic Percentage who slept under any net last night Children under age 5 in all households Percentage who slept under an ever- treated net last night 1 Percentage who slept under an ITN last night 2 Number of children Children under age 5 in households with an ITN 2 Percentage who slept under an ITN last night 2 Number of children Age (in years)
Page 1 and 2:
Timor-Leste Demographic and Health
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
Page 5 and 6:
CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7.1
Page 7:
14.8 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and
Page 10 and 11:
x | Tables and Figures CHAPTER 4 FE
Page 12 and 13:
xii | Tables and Figures Table 11.4
Page 14 and 15:
xiv | Tables and Figures Table 16.4
Page 17:
FOREWORD The 2009-10 Timor-Leste De
Page 21:
CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT Elias do
Page 24 and 25:
about three children more than wome
Page 26 and 27:
Postnatal Care. The majority of wom
Page 28 and 29:
However, the level of chronic energ
Page 31 and 32:
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICAT
Page 33 and 34:
INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
Page 35 and 36:
The government of Timor-Leste has l
Page 37 and 38:
1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The
Page 39 and 40:
1.8 HEMOGLOBIN TESTING In one-third
Page 41:
In these households, 13,796 women w
Page 44 and 45:
Table 2.1 Household population by a
Page 46 and 47:
The percentage of children not livi
Page 48 and 49:
The Early Childhood Care and Educat
Page 50 and 51:
Table 2.4.2 Educational attainment
Page 52 and 53:
The GAR at the primary school level
Page 54 and 55:
ate (2 percent) than their rural co
Page 56 and 57:
water. Thirty-six percent of househ
Page 58 and 59:
The type of flooring material used
Page 60 and 61:
Table 2.11 Wealth quintiles Percent
Page 63 and 64:
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Th
Page 65 and 66:
Table 3.2.1 Educational attainment:
Page 67 and 68:
Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent
Page 69 and 70:
Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 71 and 72:
Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
Page 73 and 74:
3.4.2 Occupation Respondents who we
Page 75 and 76:
3.4.3 Earnings, Employers, and Cont
Page 77 and 78:
Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 show the per
Page 79 and 80:
Table 3.9.1 Use of tobacco: Women P
Page 81 and 82:
FERTILITY 4 One of the major object
Page 83 and 84:
Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 85 and 86:
calculated in the 2003 DHS follows
Page 87 and 88:
of primary sterility. In Timor-Lest
Page 89 and 90:
Table 4.8 Median age at first birth
Page 91 and 92:
FAMILY PLANNING 5 In 2002, the Coun
Page 93 and 94:
According to the 2003 DHS, knowledg
Page 95 and 96:
Table 5.3.1 Ever use of contracepti
Page 97 and 98:
Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
Page 99 and 100:
Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
Page 101 and 102:
Use increases with parity but with
Page 103 and 104:
Female and male sterilizations are
Page 105 and 106:
Table 5.10 Future use of contracept
Page 107 and 108:
Table 5.13 Exposure to family plann
Page 109:
Table 5.15 Husband/partner’s know
Page 112 and 113:
6.2 POLYGYNY Polygyny (the practice
Page 114 and 115:
20.9 years. Although the proportion
Page 116 and 117:
84 | Other Proximate Determinants o
Page 118 and 119:
Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 120 and 121:
There is little difference in the p
Page 122 and 123:
2 percent among women age 30-34 to
Page 124 and 125:
92 | Fertility Preferences Table 7.
Page 126 and 127:
94 | Fertility Preferences 7.3 NEED
Page 128 and 129:
96 | Fertility Preferences an idea
Page 130 and 131:
98 | Fertility Preferences The perc
Page 132 and 133:
with their death, or they may live
Page 134 and 135:
100 80 60 40 20 102 | Infant and Ch
Page 136 and 137:
104 | Infant and Child Mortality Ta
Page 138 and 139:
8.7 HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR Th
Page 141 and 142:
ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 9 The
Page 143 and 144:
9.2 ADULT MORTALITY Table 9.3 Sibsh
Page 145 and 146:
MATERNAL HEALTH 10 Making Pregnancy
Page 147 and 148:
among women in the lowest wealth qu
Page 149 and 150:
A much lower percentage of Timorese
Page 151 and 152:
Table 10.5 Knowledge of danger sign
Page 153 and 154:
10.6.2 Assistance during Delivery O
Page 155 and 156: Table 10.8 Knowledge of danger sign
Page 157 and 158: Table 10.10 Application of material
Page 159 and 160: Table 10.12 Timing of first postnat
Page 161 and 162: Where health services are present,
Page 163 and 164: CHILD HEALTH 11 This chapter presen
Page 165 and 166: In the TLDHS, information on vaccin
Page 167 and 168: Boys (54 percent) are somewhat more
Page 169 and 170: The data indicate that two percent
Page 171 and 172: 11.6 DIARRHEAL DISEASE Dehydration
Page 173 and 174: Table 11.8 Diarrhea treatment Among
Page 175 and 176: Ten percent of children with diarrh
Page 177: There are marked differences in the
Page 180 and 181: international reference population
Page 182 and 183: 80 Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 150
Page 184 and 185: 60 50 40 30 20 10 152 | Nutrition o
Page 186 and 187: Table 12.2 shows the percentages of
Page 188 and 189: 100 Percent 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
Page 190 and 191: Table 12.5 Foods and liquids consum
Page 192 and 193: Table 12.6 Infant and young child f
Page 194 and 195: Table 12.7 shows the percentage of
Page 196 and 197: the most recent distribution preced
Page 198 and 199: Table 12.10 Nutritional status of w
Page 200 and 201: Table 12.12 shows data on micronutr
Page 202 and 203: 12.12 PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN
Page 205: MALARIA 13 Malaria remains a leadin
Page 209 and 210: Tables 13.3 and 13.4 show the perce
Page 211 and 212: The highest prevalence of fever is
Page 213 and 214: HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
Page 215 and 216: percent of women and 61 percent of
Page 217 and 218: person who has AIDS or by sharing c
Page 219 and 220: Comprehensive knowledge about AIDS
Page 221 and 222: HIV or AIDS on all four indicators
Page 223 and 224: Table 14.6 Payment for sexual inter
Page 225 and 226: 14.5 MALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumc
Page 227 and 228: In the 2009-10 TLDHS, women and men
Page 229 and 230: 100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 64 Total
Page 231 and 232: 14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom
Page 233 and 234: To assess the extent of condom use
Page 235 and 236: WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPH
Page 237 and 238: Table 15.2.1 Control over women’s
Page 239 and 240: Table 15.2.2 Control over men's cas
Page 241 and 242: Table 15.4.1 Women’s participatio
Page 243 and 244: Table 15.5.1 Women’s participatio
Page 245 and 246: 15.5 ATTITUDES TOWARD WIFE BEATING
Page 247 and 248: Table 15.6.2 Attitude toward wife b
Page 249 and 250: Table 15.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
Page 251 and 252: Women’s empowerment is closely as
Page 253 and 254: Table 15.8 Indicators of women’s
Page 255 and 256: pathways: its negative association
Page 257 and 258:
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16 In the words o
Page 259 and 260:
partner] hit, slapped, kicked, or d
Page 261 and 262:
Table 16.1 Experience of physical v
Page 263 and 264:
Among women who have never been mar
Page 265 and 266:
who experienced sexual violence fir
Page 267 and 268:
Domestic violence is not limited to
Page 269 and 270:
Table 16.8 Forms of spousal violenc
Page 271 and 272:
Table 16.9—Continued Emotional vi
Page 273 and 274:
Table 16.10 Spousal violence by hus
Page 275 and 276:
16.14 Physical Violence by Women ag
Page 277 and 278:
16.15 HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF WOME
Page 279 and 280:
16.17 SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES The f
Page 281 and 282:
REFERENCES Acharya, M. 2010. Effort
Page 283 and 284:
Ministry of Health (MOH) [Timor-Les
Page 285:
World Health Organization (WHO), Wo
Page 288 and 289:
256 | Appendix A during the populat
Page 290 and 291:
A.5 SURVEY RESULTS 258 | Appendix A
Page 293 and 294:
ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
Page 295 and 296:
Table B.1 List of selected variable
Page 297 and 298:
Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
Page 299 and 300:
Table B.5 Sampling errors for Aileu
Page 301 and 302:
Table B.7 Sampling errors for Bauca
Page 303 and 304:
Table B.9 Sampling errors for Coval
Page 305 and 306:
Table B.11 Sampling errors for Erme
Page 307 and 308:
Table B.13 Sampling errors for Liqu
Page 309 and 310:
Table B.15 Sampling errors for Manu
Page 311:
Table B.17 Sampling errors for Viqu
Page 314 and 315:
282 | Appendix C Table C.2.1 Age di
Page 316 and 317:
284 | Appendix C Table C.5 Reportin
Page 318 and 319:
286 | Appendix C Table C.7 Nutritio
Page 321 and 322:
PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2009-10 TIM
Page 323 and 324:
Martinho da Costa Cesaltina Falcao
Page 325:
QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix E Appendix
Page 328 and 329:
296 | Appendix E Introduction and C
Page 330 and 331:
IF AGE 15 IF AGE 0-17 YEARS IF AGE
Page 332 and 333:
300 | Appendix E HOUSEHOLD CHARACTE
Page 334 and 335:
302 | Appendix E NO. QUESTIONS AND
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
306 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND
Page 340 and 341:
308 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AN
Page 342 and 343:
310 | Appendix E
Page 344 and 345:
312 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
Page 346 and 347:
314 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
Page 348 and 349:
212 316 | Appendix E 213 214 215 21
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
326 | Appendix E LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
350 | Appendix E LAST SEXUAL PARTNE
Page 384 and 385:
352 | Appendix E SECTION 7. FERTILI
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
356 | Appendix E SECTION 8. HUSBAND
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
362 | Appendix E SECTION 10. OTHER
Page 396 and 397:
364 | Appendix E SECTION 11. MATERN
Page 398 and 399:
366 | Appendix E SECTION 12. DOMEST
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
372 | Appendix E INSTRUCTIONS: 2 04
Page 406 and 407:
374 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
Page 408 and 409:
376 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
Page 410 and 411:
378 | Appendix E SECTION 3. CONTRAC
Page 412 and 413:
380 | Appendix E 311 Where is that?
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
386 | Appendix E SECTION 5. FERTILI
Page 420 and 421:
388 | Appendix E SECTION 6. EMPLOYM
Page 422 and 423:
390 | Appendix E SECTION 7. HIV/AID
Page 424 and 425:
Page 426 and 427:
show all

Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?