Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

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244 | Domestic Violence Table 16.12—Continued Characteristic Ever Percentage who have committed physical violence against their current or most recent husband/partner Number of women In the past 12 months 1 Number of women 1 District Aileu 2.0 74 1.0 72 Ainaro 2.1 100 2.2 99 Baucau 3.8 230 3.9 225 Bobonaro 2.1 172 1.9 164 Covalima 4.0 115 4.2 110 Dili 7.8 336 5.5 326 Ermera 5.8 225 5.0 220 Lautem 15.0 136 12.2 131 Liquiçá 10.0 115 9.6 108 Manatuto 2.1 79 1.7 77 Manufahi 12.0 84 11.2 81 Oecussi 3.1 140 0.8 134 Viqueque 0.5 153 0.0 142 Wealth quintile Lowest 3.7 392 3.8 373 Second 5.3 389 5.0 372 Middle 5.2 379 2.7 367 Fourth 7.6 385 6.3 378 Highest 5.9 415 4.8 400 Marital status and duration Currently married woman 5.3 1,843 4.5 1,843 Married only once 5.2 1,817 4.4 1,817 0-4 years 6.6 332 6.0 332 5-9 years 5.9 352 4.8 352 10+ years 4.6 1,133 3.8 1,133 Married more than once (11.1) 26 (11.1) 26 Divorced/separated/widowed 9.0 116 7.6 47 Education No education 4.3 753 4.0 716 Primary 7.5 495 5.8 481 Secondary 5.3 656 4.0 644 More than secondary (8.9) 54 (7.3) 49 Husband’s/partner’s education No education 4.1 590 3.6 546 Elementary 5.6 573 3.8 561 High school 6.3 701 5.8 690 College 8.1 94 5.1 92 Husband’s/partner’s alcohol consumption Does not drink 3.5 926 3.0 888 Drinks/never gets drunk 1.1 68 0.0 67 Gets drunk sometimes 7.9 889 6.4 861 Gets drunk very often 7.1 76 6.2 75 Spousal age difference 2 Wife older 4.0 200 3.6 200 Wife is same age 6.0 124 6.0 124 Wife’s 1-4 years younger 5.6 634 4.9 634 Wife’s 5-9 years younger 3.7 544 2.5 544 Wife’s 10+ years younger 8.2 336 6.8 336 Spousal education difference Husband better educated 5.7 737 5.0 725 Wife better educated 6.0 649 4.5 629 Both equally educated 6.7 121 3.6 117 Neither educated 3.3 439 3.1 405 Total 5.5 1,959 4.5 1,890 Note: Husband/partner refers to the current husband/partner for currently married women and the most recent husband/partner for divorced, separated or widowed women. Total includes 2 women with information missing on husband’s education, 5 women with information missing on spousal age difference, and 15 women with information missing on spousal education difference. Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases. 1 Excludes widows 2 Currently married women
16.15 HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF WOMEN WHO EXPERIENCE VIOLENCE All respondents who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence by any person were asked a series of questions about whether and from whom they sought help to try to end the violence. This information is presented in Table 16.13. About one in five women (24 percent) who experience violence seek help. Women who experience both physical and sexual violence 1 (50 percent) are most likely to seek help. The percentage of respondents who seek help varies from 19 percent among women age 15-19 to 27 percent among women age 25-29. Unemployed women are less likely to seek help than those who are employed for cash (24 and 36 percent, respectively). Women with no living children are slightly less likely to seek help than other women. Formerly married women (53 percent) who experienced physical violence are more likely to seek help than other respondents. District-level differences are large and could be due to differences in the degree of adherence to ingrained cultural norms. For example, 7 percent of women who experienced violence in Manufahi sought help, compared with one in two women in Covalima (51 percent). Women with no education and those in the lowest and second wealth quintiles were less likely to seek help than other women. Urban women were more likely to seek help to end violence. Women most often sought help from their own family members (82 percent) and from in-laws (27 percent). About 14 percent of women sought help from friends/neighbors. It is interesting to note that only 4 percent of women sought help from the police, while 1 percent of women sought help from social service organizations (data not shown separately). 16.16 FAMILY SUPPORT FOR ABUSED WOMEN IN NEED Women having a strong fallback position could be in a better position than those with no fallback position when faced with domestic Table 16.13 Help seeking to stop violence Among women age 15-49 who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence, percentage who fought back physically, fought back verbally or sought help from any source to end the violence according to type of violence and background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Have sought help from any source Number of women Type of violence Physical only 21.8 1,057 Sexual only (27.4) 31 Both physical and sexual 50.3 69 Current age 15-19 19.2 214 20-24 25.1 186 25-29 27.1 197 30-39 24.3 345 40-49 22.7 215 Employed past 12 months Not employed 23.7 727 Employed for cash 35.6 96 Employed not for cash 20.1 333 Number of living children 0 17.1 330 1-2 26.8 240 3-4 25.3 273 5+ 26.7 312 Marital status and duration Never married 16.8 287 Currently married woman 23.8 805 Married only once 23.8 792 0-4 years 27.9 129 5-9 years 24.5 164 10+ years 22.5 499 Married more than once 21.0 13 Divorced/separated/widowed 52.7 64 Residence Urban 31.4 348 Rural 20.3 808 District Aileu 11.1 57 Ainaro (19.1) 20 Baucau 20.5 154 Bobonaro (31.4) 44 Covalima 50.9 102 Dili 34.4 251 Ermera (14.2) 88 Lautem 21.7 103 Liquiçá 17.6 65 Manatuto (22.8) 23 Manufahi 6.8 87 Oecussi 17.9 116 Viqueque (3.6) 46 Education No education 19.9 348 Primary 24.2 294 Secondary 25.2 472 More than secondary (33.8) 42 Wealth quintile Lowest 19.9 208 Second 16.7 218 Middle 23.7 222 Fourth 22.8 226 Highest 32.4 282 Total 23.7 1,156 Note: Excludes women whose sexual initiation was forced but who have not experienced any other form of physical or sexual violence. Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases. 1 Physical violence here excludes violence during pregnancy, and sexual violence excludes those whose first sex was forced. Domestic Violence | 245
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Timor-Leste Demographic and Health
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CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
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CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7.1
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14.8 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and
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x | Tables and Figures CHAPTER 4 FE
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xii | Tables and Figures Table 11.4
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xiv | Tables and Figures Table 16.4
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FOREWORD The 2009-10 Timor-Leste De
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CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT Elias do
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about three children more than wome
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Postnatal Care. The majority of wom
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However, the level of chronic energ
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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICAT
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INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
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The government of Timor-Leste has l
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1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The
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1.8 HEMOGLOBIN TESTING In one-third
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In these households, 13,796 women w
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Table 2.1 Household population by a
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The percentage of children not livi
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The Early Childhood Care and Educat
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Table 2.4.2 Educational attainment
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The GAR at the primary school level
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ate (2 percent) than their rural co
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water. Thirty-six percent of househ
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The type of flooring material used
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Table 2.11 Wealth quintiles Percent
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Th
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Table 3.2.1 Educational attainment:
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Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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3.4.2 Occupation Respondents who we
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3.4.3 Earnings, Employers, and Cont
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Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 show the per
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Table 3.9.1 Use of tobacco: Women P
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FERTILITY 4 One of the major object
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Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
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calculated in the 2003 DHS follows
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of primary sterility. In Timor-Lest
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Table 4.8 Median age at first birth
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FAMILY PLANNING 5 In 2002, the Coun
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According to the 2003 DHS, knowledg
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Table 5.3.1 Ever use of contracepti
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
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Use increases with parity but with
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Female and male sterilizations are
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Table 5.10 Future use of contracept
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Table 5.13 Exposure to family plann
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Table 5.15 Husband/partner’s know
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6.2 POLYGYNY Polygyny (the practice
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20.9 years. Although the proportion
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84 | Other Proximate Determinants o
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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There is little difference in the p
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2 percent among women age 30-34 to
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92 | Fertility Preferences Table 7.
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94 | Fertility Preferences 7.3 NEED
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96 | Fertility Preferences an idea
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98 | Fertility Preferences The perc
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with their death, or they may live
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100 80 60 40 20 102 | Infant and Ch
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104 | Infant and Child Mortality Ta
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8.7 HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR Th
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ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 9 The
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9.2 ADULT MORTALITY Table 9.3 Sibsh
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MATERNAL HEALTH 10 Making Pregnancy
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among women in the lowest wealth qu
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A much lower percentage of Timorese
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Table 10.5 Knowledge of danger sign
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10.6.2 Assistance during Delivery O
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Table 10.8 Knowledge of danger sign
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Table 10.10 Application of material
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Table 10.12 Timing of first postnat
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Where health services are present,
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CHILD HEALTH 11 This chapter presen
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In the TLDHS, information on vaccin
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Boys (54 percent) are somewhat more
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The data indicate that two percent
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11.6 DIARRHEAL DISEASE Dehydration
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Table 11.8 Diarrhea treatment Among
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Ten percent of children with diarrh
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There are marked differences in the
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international reference population
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80 Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 150
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60 50 40 30 20 10 152 | Nutrition o
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Table 12.2 shows the percentages of
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100 Percent 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
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Table 12.5 Foods and liquids consum
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Table 12.6 Infant and young child f
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Table 12.7 shows the percentage of
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the most recent distribution preced
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Table 12.10 Nutritional status of w
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Table 12.12 shows data on micronutr
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12.12 PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN
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MALARIA 13 Malaria remains a leadin
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13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Chil
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Tables 13.3 and 13.4 show the perce
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The highest prevalence of fever is
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HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
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percent of women and 61 percent of
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person who has AIDS or by sharing c
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Comprehensive knowledge about AIDS
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HIV or AIDS on all four indicators
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Table 14.6 Payment for sexual inter
Page 225 and 226: 14.5 MALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumc
Page 227 and 228: In the 2009-10 TLDHS, women and men
Page 229 and 230: 100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 64 Total
Page 231 and 232: 14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom
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Page 235 and 236: WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPH
Page 237 and 238: Table 15.2.1 Control over women’s
Page 239 and 240: Table 15.2.2 Control over men's cas
Page 241 and 242: Table 15.4.1 Women’s participatio
Page 243 and 244: Table 15.5.1 Women’s participatio
Page 245 and 246: 15.5 ATTITUDES TOWARD WIFE BEATING
Page 247 and 248: Table 15.6.2 Attitude toward wife b
Page 249 and 250: Table 15.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
Page 251 and 252: Women’s empowerment is closely as
Page 253 and 254: Table 15.8 Indicators of women’s
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Page 257 and 258: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16 In the words o
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Page 267 and 268: Domestic violence is not limited to
Page 269 and 270: Table 16.8 Forms of spousal violenc
Page 271 and 272: Table 16.9—Continued Emotional vi
Page 273 and 274: Table 16.10 Spousal violence by hus
Page 275: 16.14 Physical Violence by Women ag
Page 279 and 280: 16.17 SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES The f
Page 281 and 282: REFERENCES Acharya, M. 2010. Effort
Page 283 and 284: Ministry of Health (MOH) [Timor-Les
Page 285: World Health Organization (WHO), Wo
Page 288 and 289: 256 | Appendix A during the populat
Page 290 and 291: A.5 SURVEY RESULTS 258 | Appendix A
Page 293 and 294: ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
Page 295 and 296: Table B.1 List of selected variable
Page 297 and 298: Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
Page 299 and 300: Table B.5 Sampling errors for Aileu
Page 301 and 302: Table B.7 Sampling errors for Bauca
Page 303 and 304: Table B.9 Sampling errors for Coval
Page 305 and 306: Table B.11 Sampling errors for Erme
Page 307 and 308: Table B.13 Sampling errors for Liqu
Page 309 and 310: Table B.15 Sampling errors for Manu
Page 311: Table B.17 Sampling errors for Viqu
Page 314 and 315: 282 | Appendix C Table C.2.1 Age di
Page 316 and 317: 284 | Appendix C Table C.5 Reportin
Page 318 and 319: 286 | Appendix C Table C.7 Nutritio
Page 321 and 322: PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2009-10 TIM
Page 323 and 324: Martinho da Costa Cesaltina Falcao
Page 325: QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix E Appendix
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296 | Appendix E Introduction and C
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IF AGE 15 IF AGE 0-17 YEARS IF AGE
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300 | Appendix E HOUSEHOLD CHARACTE
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302 | Appendix E NO. QUESTIONS AND
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306 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND
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308 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AN
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310 | Appendix E
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312 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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314 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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212 316 | Appendix E 213 214 215 21
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326 | Appendix E LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO
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350 | Appendix E LAST SEXUAL PARTNE
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352 | Appendix E SECTION 7. FERTILI
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356 | Appendix E SECTION 8. HUSBAND
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362 | Appendix E SECTION 10. OTHER
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364 | Appendix E SECTION 11. MATERN
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366 | Appendix E SECTION 12. DOMEST
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372 | Appendix E INSTRUCTIONS: 2 04
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374 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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376 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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378 | Appendix E SECTION 3. CONTRAC
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380 | Appendix E 311 Where is that?
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386 | Appendix E SECTION 5. FERTILI
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388 | Appendix E SECTION 6. EMPLOYM
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390 | Appendix E SECTION 7. HIV/AID
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