Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

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3.5 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES CONCERNING TUBERCULOSIS Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death in the world and a major public health problem in the developing world. TB is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, whose transmission is mainly airborne through droplets that are coughed or sneezed by infected persons. The infection is primarily concentrated in the lungs, but in some cases it can be transmitted to other areas of the body. Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in Timor-Leste. The very young and very old and persons with a suppressed immune system (brought on from HIV infection or other causes) are especially prone to contracting TB when exposed to it. The 2009- 10 TLDHS collected information from women and men of reproductive age on the level of awareness of TB. Specifically, respondents were asked whether they had ever heard of the illness, how it spreads from one person to another, whether it can be cured, and whether they would want to keep the information secret if a member of their family got TB. This information is useful in policy formulation and implementation of programs designed to combat and limit the spread of the disease. 44 | Characteristics of Respondents Table 3.8.1 Knowledge and attitude concerning tuberculosis: Women Percentage of women age 15-49 who have heard of tuberculosis (TB), and among women who have heard of TB, the percentages who know that TB is spread through the air by coughing, the percentage who believe that TB can be cured, and the percentage who would want to keep secret that a family member has TB, by background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Background characteristic Among all women: Among women who have heard of TB: Percentage who have heard of TB Number of women Percentage who report that TB is spread through the air by coughing Percentage who believe that TB can be cured Percentage who would want a family member’s TB kept secret Number of women Age 15-19 78.0 3,144 66.7 88.1 9.6 2,451 20-24 80.2 2,343 67.0 90.2 11.2 1,879 25-29 79.0 1,897 66.3 88.4 10.4 1,499 30-34 80.3 1,534 68.1 87.2 11.7 1,232 35-39 76.7 1,684 65.1 87.6 9.6 1,293 40-44 75.2 1,388 64.7 85.3 10.8 1,044 45-49 Residence 75.2 1,146 66.7 85.7 7.9 862 Urban 88.0 3,439 59.5 85.7 17.5 3,027 Rural District 74.6 9,698 69.4 88.8 7.2 7,233 Aileu 73.8 554 64.4 87.2 0.9 409 Ainaro 70.5 619 65.4 80.8 14.7 436 Baucau 85.9 1,408 76.7 95.4 0.8 1,210 Bobonaro 68.4 1,262 63.8 87.4 24.8 864 Covalima 76.7 781 41.6 94.3 5.4 599 Dili 91.6 2,466 56.9 84.0 24.9 2,259 Ermera 62.0 1,542 98.7 99.3 3.1 955 Lautem 83.0 864 44.3 89.6 2.9 717 Liquiçá 59.6 801 70.4 87.8 6.1 478 Manatuto 80.9 603 81.1 93.0 5.8 488 Manufahi 89.7 470 88.9 96.6 0.9 422 Oecussi 90.0 884 62.4 60.2 2.9 796 Viqueque Education 71.1 882 62.5 93.0 5.1 627 No education 63.4 3,854 67.1 84.1 8.6 2,444 Primary 73.8 3,005 66.2 85.6 8.0 2,217 Secondary 88.6 5,829 65.8 90.6 11.2 5,167 More than secondary Wealth quintile 96.4 449 72.0 88.2 20.1 433 Lowest 67.7 2,314 60.1 80.5 5.4 1,568 Second 69.8 2,468 71.7 89.7 6.1 1,724 Middle 75.9 2,590 70.0 90.4 7.5 1,967 Fourth 80.7 2,687 69.3 90.9 8.9 2,167 Highest 92.1 3,077 62.1 86.9 18.3 2,834 Total 78.1 13,137 66.5 87.9 10.2 10,260
Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 show the percentage of women and men who have heard of TB, and among those who have heard of it, their knowledge and attitudes concerning TB, according to background characteristics. TB awareness is very high in Timor-Leste, with 78 percent of women and 83 percent of men aware of it. Differences in awareness of TB by age are not prominent. Rural women and men are less likely to be aware of TB than their urban counterparts. Awareness of TB is lowest among women in Liquiçá and men in Ermera, and highest among women in Dili and men in Manatuto. Not surprisingly, awareness of TB rises with education and wealth quintile. Sixty-seven percent of women and 64 percent of men age 15-49 reported that TB is spread through the air when coughing or sneezing. Knowledge of the spread of TB through the air is higher in rural than urban areas among women, but among men, it is higher in urban than in rural areas. Surprisingly, almost all women who are aware of TB in Ermera are also aware of how it is spread and that it can be cured. Knowledge of how it is spread is lowest in Covalima, although nearly all women in Covalima who are aware of TB believe it can be cured. All men in Manatuto who are aware of TB are also aware of how it is spread and that it can be cured. There is little difference in the knowledge of how TB is spread by education among women, but among men knowledge increases markedly with education. There is no clear pattern between knowledge of how TB is spread and wealth quintile. Most respondents are aware that TB is curable. Eighty-eight percent of women, and 93 percent of men believe that TB can be cured. Women’s belief that TB can be cured varies minimally by education, wealth quintile, and place of residence. A relatively small percentage of women and men mention that they would want to keep a family member’s TB a secret. However, women are five times more likely than men to want to keep secret that a family member has TB (10 percent compared with 2 percent). Differences by age are not large, although the oldest cohort of women is least likely to want to keep this secret. More than twice as many women in urban as in rural areas want to keep a family member’s TB a secret. Among women, wanting to keep secret a family member’s TB is much higher in Dili and Bobonaro, and highest among the most educated and wealthiest women. Differences by background characteristics are not as marked among men. Characteristics of Respondents | 45
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Timor-Leste Demographic and Health
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CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
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CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7.1
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14.8 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and
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x | Tables and Figures CHAPTER 4 FE
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xii | Tables and Figures Table 11.4
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xiv | Tables and Figures Table 16.4
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FOREWORD The 2009-10 Timor-Leste De
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CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT Elias do
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about three children more than wome
Page 26 and 27: Postnatal Care. The majority of wom
Page 28 and 29: However, the level of chronic energ
Page 31 and 32: MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICAT
Page 33 and 34: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
Page 35 and 36: The government of Timor-Leste has l
Page 37 and 38: 1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The
Page 39 and 40: 1.8 HEMOGLOBIN TESTING In one-third
Page 41: In these households, 13,796 women w
Page 44 and 45: Table 2.1 Household population by a
Page 46 and 47: The percentage of children not livi
Page 48 and 49: The Early Childhood Care and Educat
Page 50 and 51: Table 2.4.2 Educational attainment
Page 52 and 53: The GAR at the primary school level
Page 54 and 55: ate (2 percent) than their rural co
Page 56 and 57: water. Thirty-six percent of househ
Page 58 and 59: The type of flooring material used
Page 60 and 61: Table 2.11 Wealth quintiles Percent
Page 63 and 64: CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Th
Page 65 and 66: Table 3.2.1 Educational attainment:
Page 67 and 68: Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
Page 73 and 74: 3.4.2 Occupation Respondents who we
Page 75: 3.4.3 Earnings, Employers, and Cont
Page 79 and 80: Table 3.9.1 Use of tobacco: Women P
Page 81 and 82: FERTILITY 4 One of the major object
Page 83 and 84: Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 85 and 86: calculated in the 2003 DHS follows
Page 87 and 88: of primary sterility. In Timor-Lest
Page 89 and 90: Table 4.8 Median age at first birth
Page 91 and 92: FAMILY PLANNING 5 In 2002, the Coun
Page 93 and 94: According to the 2003 DHS, knowledg
Page 95 and 96: Table 5.3.1 Ever use of contracepti
Page 97 and 98: Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
Page 99 and 100: Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
Page 101 and 102: Use increases with parity but with
Page 103 and 104: Female and male sterilizations are
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.10 Future use of contracept
Page 107 and 108: Table 5.13 Exposure to family plann
Page 109: Table 5.15 Husband/partner’s know
Page 112 and 113: 6.2 POLYGYNY Polygyny (the practice
Page 114 and 115: 20.9 years. Although the proportion
Page 116 and 117: 84 | Other Proximate Determinants o
Page 118 and 119: Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 120 and 121: There is little difference in the p
Page 122 and 123: 2 percent among women age 30-34 to
Page 124 and 125: 92 | Fertility Preferences Table 7.
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94 | Fertility Preferences 7.3 NEED
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96 | Fertility Preferences an idea
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98 | Fertility Preferences The perc
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with their death, or they may live
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100 80 60 40 20 102 | Infant and Ch
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104 | Infant and Child Mortality Ta
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8.7 HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR Th
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ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 9 The
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9.2 ADULT MORTALITY Table 9.3 Sibsh
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MATERNAL HEALTH 10 Making Pregnancy
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among women in the lowest wealth qu
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A much lower percentage of Timorese
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Table 10.5 Knowledge of danger sign
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10.6.2 Assistance during Delivery O
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Table 10.8 Knowledge of danger sign
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Table 10.10 Application of material
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Table 10.12 Timing of first postnat
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Where health services are present,
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CHILD HEALTH 11 This chapter presen
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In the TLDHS, information on vaccin
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Boys (54 percent) are somewhat more
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The data indicate that two percent
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11.6 DIARRHEAL DISEASE Dehydration
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Table 11.8 Diarrhea treatment Among
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Ten percent of children with diarrh
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There are marked differences in the
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international reference population
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80 Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 150
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60 50 40 30 20 10 152 | Nutrition o
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Table 12.2 shows the percentages of
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100 Percent 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
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Table 12.5 Foods and liquids consum
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Table 12.6 Infant and young child f
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Table 12.7 shows the percentage of
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the most recent distribution preced
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Table 12.10 Nutritional status of w
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Table 12.12 shows data on micronutr
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12.12 PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN
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MALARIA 13 Malaria remains a leadin
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13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Chil
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Tables 13.3 and 13.4 show the perce
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The highest prevalence of fever is
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HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
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percent of women and 61 percent of
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person who has AIDS or by sharing c
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Comprehensive knowledge about AIDS
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HIV or AIDS on all four indicators
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Table 14.6 Payment for sexual inter
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14.5 MALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumc
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In the 2009-10 TLDHS, women and men
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100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 64 Total
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14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom
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To assess the extent of condom use
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WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPH
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Table 15.2.1 Control over women’s
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Table 15.2.2 Control over men's cas
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Table 15.4.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 15.5.1 Women’s participatio
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15.5 ATTITUDES TOWARD WIFE BEATING
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Table 15.6.2 Attitude toward wife b
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Table 15.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
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Women’s empowerment is closely as
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Table 15.8 Indicators of women’s
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pathways: its negative association
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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16 In the words o
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partner] hit, slapped, kicked, or d
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Table 16.1 Experience of physical v
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Among women who have never been mar
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who experienced sexual violence fir
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Domestic violence is not limited to
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Table 16.8 Forms of spousal violenc
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Table 16.9—Continued Emotional vi
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Table 16.10 Spousal violence by hus
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16.14 Physical Violence by Women ag
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16.15 HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF WOME
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16.17 SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES The f
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REFERENCES Acharya, M. 2010. Effort
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Ministry of Health (MOH) [Timor-Les
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World Health Organization (WHO), Wo
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256 | Appendix A during the populat
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A.5 SURVEY RESULTS 258 | Appendix A
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
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Table B.1 List of selected variable
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Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
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Table B.5 Sampling errors for Aileu
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Table B.7 Sampling errors for Bauca
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Table B.9 Sampling errors for Coval
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Table B.11 Sampling errors for Erme
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Table B.13 Sampling errors for Liqu
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Table B.15 Sampling errors for Manu
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Table B.17 Sampling errors for Viqu
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282 | Appendix C Table C.2.1 Age di
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284 | Appendix C Table C.5 Reportin
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286 | Appendix C Table C.7 Nutritio
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2009-10 TIM
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Martinho da Costa Cesaltina Falcao
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QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix E Appendix
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296 | Appendix E Introduction and C
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IF AGE 15 IF AGE 0-17 YEARS IF AGE
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300 | Appendix E HOUSEHOLD CHARACTE
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302 | Appendix E NO. QUESTIONS AND
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306 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND
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308 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AN
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310 | Appendix E
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312 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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314 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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212 316 | Appendix E 213 214 215 21
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326 | Appendix E LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO
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350 | Appendix E LAST SEXUAL PARTNE
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352 | Appendix E SECTION 7. FERTILI
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356 | Appendix E SECTION 8. HUSBAND
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362 | Appendix E SECTION 10. OTHER
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364 | Appendix E SECTION 11. MATERN
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366 | Appendix E SECTION 12. DOMEST
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372 | Appendix E INSTRUCTIONS: 2 04
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374 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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376 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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378 | Appendix E SECTION 3. CONTRAC
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380 | Appendix E 311 Where is that?
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386 | Appendix E SECTION 5. FERTILI
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388 | Appendix E SECTION 6. EMPLOYM
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390 | Appendix E SECTION 7. HIV/AID
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