Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

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Table 12.6 Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices Percentage of youngest children age 6-23 months living with their mother who are fed according to three IYCF feeding practices based upon number of food groups and times they are fed during the day or night preceding the survey by breastfeeding status and background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Background characteristic 160 | Nutrition of Children and Women Among breastfed children 6-23 months, percentage fed: 3+ food groups 1 Minimu m times or more 2 Both 3+ food groups and minimu m times or more Number of breastfed children 6-23 months Among non-breastfed children 6-23 months, percentage fed: Milk or milk products 3 4+ food groups 4+ times or more With 3 IYCF practices 4 Number of nonbreastfed children 6-23 months Breast- milk or milk products 3 Among all children 6-23 months, percentage fed: 3+ or 4+ food groups 5 Minimum times or more 6 With all 3 IYCF practices Age in months 6-8 28.0 75.2 26.5 443 * * * * 21 98.6 28.9 72.2 25.3 464 9-11 47.1 64.7 32.9 426 (39.3) (56.4) (20.1) (0.0) 37 95.2 47.8 61.1 30.3 463 12-17 69.9 70.5 51.4 615 29.7 52.8 22.0 7.3 295 77.2 64.4 54.8 37.1 910 18-23 Sex 69.1 75.7 54.0 290 20.3 55.1 17.6 4.1 416 53.0 60.9 41.4 24.6 706 Male 52.8 71.2 41.3 912 29.8 51.3 19.7 7.0 398 78.7 52.4 55.5 30.8 1,310 Female Residence 54.8 71.1 41.0 862 22.1 57.1 18.4 2.9 371 76.6 55.5 55.2 29.6 1,232 Urban 65.1 65.7 43.4 367 48.4 75.0 15.6 7.8 226 80.3 68.9 46.6 29.8 593 Rural District 50.9 72.5 40.6 1,407 16.8 45.4 20.6 3.9 542 76.8 49.3 58.1 30.4 1,949 Aileu 49.2 44.1 32.6 68 (26.0) (45.3) (6.6) (3.4) 16 85.6 48.4 36.8 26.9 85 Ainaro 16.1 49.7 9.1 111 18.0 17.0 4.6 0.0 42 77.5 16.4 37.3 6.6 153 Baucau 58.6 77.2 43.0 191 13.5 47.5 12.4 1.8 90 72.3 55.0 56.5 29.8 282 Bobonaro 56.5 91.4 54.7 156 27.4 48.3 26.2 5.7 72 77.1 53.9 70.9 39.3 228 Covalima 40.9 70.9 29.6 76 (21.6) (23.6) (9.9) (0.0) 33 76.5 35.7 52.6 20.7 109 Dili 75.5 66.9 49.2 232 52.8 82.9 14.0 9.5 163 80.5 78.6 45.1 32.8 395 Ermera 49.7 67.4 48.3 236 (23.1) (38.4) (64.7) (11.3) 62 84.1 47.4 66.8 40.6 298 Lautem 42.7 68.1 22.0 157 23.0 34.6 10.2 0.8 66 77.2 40.3 50.9 15.7 223 Liquiçá 73.5 78.4 61.7 108 23.7 85.4 27.7 7.3 41 79.2 76.7 64.6 46.9 149 Manatuto 60.9 86.2 56.1 79 14.5 74.3 17.1 2.6 41 70.5 65.5 62.4 37.6 120 Manufahi 75.6 50.0 41.8 81 (30.7) (65.8) (5.6) (3.0) 22 85.1 73.5 40.5 33.5 103 Oecussi 43.8 71.7 32.8 164 8.0 45.6 21.8 3.4 47 79.5 44.2 60.6 26.3 211 Viqueque Mother’s education 45.1 87.5 40.6 114 10.9 44.6 15.4 4.3 74 65.0 44.9 59.1 26.3 187 No education 48.1 72.9 39.3 583 16.3 47.9 22.1 2.9 210 77.9 48.0 59.5 29.7 792 Primary 52.8 71.9 40.6 527 16.7 44.9 20.3 4.6 202 76.9 50.6 57.6 30.6 729 Secondary More than 59.9 68.4 43.1 634 35.4 61.9 16.3 5.0 321 78.3 60.6 50.9 30.3 956 secondary Wealth quintile * * * 29 * * * * 36 (73.8) (64.3) (47.7) (31.7) 65 Lowest 43.6 73.2 32.6 401 9.1 34.4 15.9 1.5 155 74.7 41.0 57.2 24.0 556 Second 46.8 70.9 37.6 370 11.2 41.3 21.9 1.8 150 74.4 45.2 56.8 27.3 520 Middle 54.6 70.1 43.4 376 17.9 48.0 15.1 3.2 136 78.2 52.8 55.5 32.7 512 Fourth 59.8 70.7 45.5 372 38.1 59.9 22.5 4.4 138 83.3 59.8 57.7 34.4 510 Highest 70.2 70.2 50.1 254 48.7 80.3 19.9 12.2 191 78.0 74.6 48.6 33.8 444 Total 53.8 71.1 41.2 1,773 26.1 54.1 19.1 5.0 769 77.6 53.9 55.4 30.2 2,542 Number of all children 6-23 months Note: Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases. An asterisk indicates that a figure is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases and has been suppressed. 1 Food groups: a. infant formula, milk other than breastmilk, cheese or yogurt or other milk products; b. foods made from grains, roots, and tubers, including porridge, fortified baby food from grains; c. vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables; d. other fruits and vegetables; e. eggs; f. meat, poultry, fish, and shellfish (and organ meats); g. legumes and nuts; h. foods made with oil, fat, butter. 2 At least twice a day for breastfed infants 6-8 months and at least three times a day for breastfed children 9-23 months 3 Includes commercial infant formula, fresh, tinned and powdered animal milk, and cheese, yogurt and other milk products 4 Nonbreastfed children age 6-23 months are considered to be fed with a minimum standard of three Infant and Young Child Feeding practices if they receive other milk or milk products and are fed at least the minimum number of times per day with at least the minimum number of food groups. 5 3+ food groups for breastfed children and 4+ food groups for non-breastfed children 6 Fed solid or semi-solid food at least twice a day for infants 6-8 months, 3+ times for other breastfed children, and 4+ times for non-breastfed children 12.7 ANEMIA IN CHILDREN Anemia is a condition characterized by a reduction in the red blood cell volume and a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is necessary for transporting oxygen to tissues and organs in the body. About half of the global burden of anemia is due to iron deficiency. Iron deficiency, in turn, is largely due to an inadequate dietary intake of bioavailable iron, increased iron requirements during rapid growth periods (such as pregnancy and infancy), and increased blood loss due to hookworm infestation. Nutritional anemia includes the anemia burden due to deficiency in iron plus deficiencies in folate, vitamins B and B12, and certain trace elements involved with red blood cell production. Anemia in children is associated with impaired mental and
physical development and with increased morbidity and mortality. Anemia can be a particularly serious problem for pregnant women, leading to premature delivery and low birth weight 3 . The 2009-10 TLDHS included anemia testing of children age 6-59 months and women age 15-49 in every third household selected for the 2009-10 TLDHS sample. Anemia levels were determined by measuring the level of hemoglobin in the blood, with a decreased concentration characterizing anemia. For hemoglobin measurements, a drop of capillary blood was taken with a finger prick (using sterile, disposable instruments). Hemoglobin concentration was measured using the HemoCue photometer system. Table 12.7 Prevalence of anemia in children Percentage of children age 6-59 months classified as having anemia, by background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Anemia status by hemoglobin level Background Mild Moderate Severe Any anemia Number of characteristic Age in months (10.0-10.9 g/dl) (7.0-9.9 g/dl) (
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Timor-Leste Demographic and Health
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CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
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CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7.1
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14.8 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and
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x | Tables and Figures CHAPTER 4 FE
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xii | Tables and Figures Table 11.4
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xiv | Tables and Figures Table 16.4
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FOREWORD The 2009-10 Timor-Leste De
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CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT Elias do
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about three children more than wome
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Postnatal Care. The majority of wom
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However, the level of chronic energ
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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICAT
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INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
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The government of Timor-Leste has l
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1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The
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1.8 HEMOGLOBIN TESTING In one-third
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In these households, 13,796 women w
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Table 2.1 Household population by a
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The percentage of children not livi
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The Early Childhood Care and Educat
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Table 2.4.2 Educational attainment
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The GAR at the primary school level
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ate (2 percent) than their rural co
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water. Thirty-six percent of househ
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The type of flooring material used
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Table 2.11 Wealth quintiles Percent
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Th
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Table 3.2.1 Educational attainment:
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Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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3.4.2 Occupation Respondents who we
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3.4.3 Earnings, Employers, and Cont
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Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 show the per
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Table 3.9.1 Use of tobacco: Women P
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FERTILITY 4 One of the major object
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Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
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calculated in the 2003 DHS follows
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of primary sterility. In Timor-Lest
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Table 4.8 Median age at first birth
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FAMILY PLANNING 5 In 2002, the Coun
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According to the 2003 DHS, knowledg
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Table 5.3.1 Ever use of contracepti
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
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Use increases with parity but with
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Female and male sterilizations are
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Table 5.10 Future use of contracept
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Table 5.13 Exposure to family plann
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Table 5.15 Husband/partner’s know
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6.2 POLYGYNY Polygyny (the practice
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20.9 years. Although the proportion
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84 | Other Proximate Determinants o
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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There is little difference in the p
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2 percent among women age 30-34 to
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92 | Fertility Preferences Table 7.
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94 | Fertility Preferences 7.3 NEED
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96 | Fertility Preferences an idea
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98 | Fertility Preferences The perc
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with their death, or they may live
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100 80 60 40 20 102 | Infant and Ch
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104 | Infant and Child Mortality Ta
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8.7 HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR Th
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Page 143 and 144: 9.2 ADULT MORTALITY Table 9.3 Sibsh
Page 145 and 146: MATERNAL HEALTH 10 Making Pregnancy
Page 147 and 148: among women in the lowest wealth qu
Page 149 and 150: A much lower percentage of Timorese
Page 151 and 152: Table 10.5 Knowledge of danger sign
Page 153 and 154: 10.6.2 Assistance during Delivery O
Page 155 and 156: Table 10.8 Knowledge of danger sign
Page 157 and 158: Table 10.10 Application of material
Page 159 and 160: Table 10.12 Timing of first postnat
Page 161 and 162: Where health services are present,
Page 163 and 164: CHILD HEALTH 11 This chapter presen
Page 165 and 166: In the TLDHS, information on vaccin
Page 167 and 168: Boys (54 percent) are somewhat more
Page 169 and 170: The data indicate that two percent
Page 171 and 172: 11.6 DIARRHEAL DISEASE Dehydration
Page 173 and 174: Table 11.8 Diarrhea treatment Among
Page 175 and 176: Ten percent of children with diarrh
Page 177: There are marked differences in the
Page 180 and 181: international reference population
Page 182 and 183: 80 Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 150
Page 184 and 185: 60 50 40 30 20 10 152 | Nutrition o
Page 186 and 187: Table 12.2 shows the percentages of
Page 188 and 189: 100 Percent 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
Page 190 and 191: Table 12.5 Foods and liquids consum
Page 194 and 195: Table 12.7 shows the percentage of
Page 196 and 197: the most recent distribution preced
Page 198 and 199: Table 12.10 Nutritional status of w
Page 200 and 201: Table 12.12 shows data on micronutr
Page 202 and 203: 12.12 PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN
Page 205 and 206: MALARIA 13 Malaria remains a leadin
Page 207 and 208: 13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Chil
Page 209 and 210: Tables 13.3 and 13.4 show the perce
Page 211 and 212: The highest prevalence of fever is
Page 213 and 214: HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
Page 215 and 216: percent of women and 61 percent of
Page 217 and 218: person who has AIDS or by sharing c
Page 219 and 220: Comprehensive knowledge about AIDS
Page 221 and 222: HIV or AIDS on all four indicators
Page 223 and 224: Table 14.6 Payment for sexual inter
Page 225 and 226: 14.5 MALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumc
Page 227 and 228: In the 2009-10 TLDHS, women and men
Page 229 and 230: 100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 64 Total
Page 231 and 232: 14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom
Page 233 and 234: To assess the extent of condom use
Page 235 and 236: WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPH
Page 237 and 238: Table 15.2.1 Control over women’s
Page 239 and 240: Table 15.2.2 Control over men's cas
Page 241 and 242: Table 15.4.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 15.5.1 Women’s participatio
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15.5 ATTITUDES TOWARD WIFE BEATING
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Table 15.6.2 Attitude toward wife b
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Table 15.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
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Women’s empowerment is closely as
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Table 15.8 Indicators of women’s
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pathways: its negative association
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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16 In the words o
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partner] hit, slapped, kicked, or d
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Table 16.1 Experience of physical v
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Among women who have never been mar
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who experienced sexual violence fir
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Domestic violence is not limited to
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Table 16.8 Forms of spousal violenc
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Table 16.9—Continued Emotional vi
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Table 16.10 Spousal violence by hus
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16.14 Physical Violence by Women ag
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16.15 HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF WOME
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16.17 SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES The f
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REFERENCES Acharya, M. 2010. Effort
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Ministry of Health (MOH) [Timor-Les
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World Health Organization (WHO), Wo
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256 | Appendix A during the populat
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A.5 SURVEY RESULTS 258 | Appendix A
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
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Table B.1 List of selected variable
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Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
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Table B.5 Sampling errors for Aileu
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Table B.7 Sampling errors for Bauca
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Table B.9 Sampling errors for Coval
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Table B.11 Sampling errors for Erme
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Table B.13 Sampling errors for Liqu
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Table B.15 Sampling errors for Manu
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Table B.17 Sampling errors for Viqu
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282 | Appendix C Table C.2.1 Age di
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284 | Appendix C Table C.5 Reportin
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286 | Appendix C Table C.7 Nutritio
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2009-10 TIM
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Martinho da Costa Cesaltina Falcao
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QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix E Appendix
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296 | Appendix E Introduction and C
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IF AGE 15 IF AGE 0-17 YEARS IF AGE
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300 | Appendix E HOUSEHOLD CHARACTE
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302 | Appendix E NO. QUESTIONS AND
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306 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND
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308 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AN
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310 | Appendix E
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312 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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314 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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212 316 | Appendix E 213 214 215 21
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326 | Appendix E LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO
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350 | Appendix E LAST SEXUAL PARTNE
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352 | Appendix E SECTION 7. FERTILI
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356 | Appendix E SECTION 8. HUSBAND
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362 | Appendix E SECTION 10. OTHER
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364 | Appendix E SECTION 11. MATERN
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366 | Appendix E SECTION 12. DOMEST
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372 | Appendix E INSTRUCTIONS: 2 04
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374 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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376 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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378 | Appendix E SECTION 3. CONTRAC
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380 | Appendix E 311 Where is that?
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386 | Appendix E SECTION 5. FERTILI
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388 | Appendix E SECTION 6. EMPLOYM
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390 | Appendix E SECTION 7. HIV/AID
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