Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

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vi | Contents 11.6 Diarrheal Disease ........................................................................................... 139 11.6.1 Incidence and Treatment of Diarrhea ................................................. 139 11.6.2 Feeding Practices ................................................................................ 141 11.7 Knowledge of ORS Packets ............................................................................. 143 11.8 Stool Disposal ................................................................................................. 144 CHAPTER 12 NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN 12.1 Nutritional Status of Children .......................................................................... 147 12.1.1 Nutritional Status of Children .............................................................. 147 12.1.2 Trends in Children’s Nutritional Status ................................................ 151 12.2 Initiation of Breastfeeding ............................................................................... 153 12.3 Breastfeeding Status by Age ............................................................................ 154 12.4 Duration and Frequency of Breastfeeding ....................................................... 156 12.5 Types of Complementary Foods ...................................................................... 157 12.6 Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices ............................................. 158 12.7 Anemia in Children ........................................................................................ 160 12.8 Micronutrient Intake among Children ............................................................. 162 12.9 Nutritional Status of Women .......................................................................... 165 12.10 Foods Consumed by Mothers ......................................................................... 166 12.11 Micronutrient Intake among Mothers .............................................................. 167 12.12 Prevalence of Anemia in Women ................................................................... 170 CHAPTER 13 MALARIA 13.1 Mosquito Nets ................................................................................................ 174 13.1.1 Ownership of Mosquito Nets .............................................................. 174 13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Children ...................................................... 175 13.1.3 Use of Mosquito Nets by Women ....................................................... 176 13.1.4 Prevalence and Management of Childhood Malaria ............................ 178 CHAPTER 14 HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIOR 14.1 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and of Transmission and Prevention Methods ........... 182 14.1.1 Knowledge of AIDS............................................................................. 182 14.1.2 Knowledge of HIV Prevention Methods .............................................. 183 14.1.3 Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV Transmission ................................ 184 14.2 Attitudes toward People Living with HIV/AIDS ................................................ 187 14.3 Risky Behaviors ............................................................................................... 189 14.3.1 Multiple Sexual Partners and Higher-risk Sexual Intercourse ............... 189 14.3.2 Paid Sex ............................................................................................. 190 14.4 Knowledge of HIV Testing .............................................................................. 191 14.5 Male Circumcision .......................................................................................... 193 14.6 Reports of Recent Sexually Transmitted Infections .......................................... 193 14.7 Prevalence of Medical Injections ..................................................................... 195
14.8 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and Behavior among Youth ............................... 197 14.8.1 Comprehensive Knowledge about HIV/AIDS and Source for Condoms 197 14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom Use at First Sexual Intercourse ............... 199 14.8.3 Recent Sexual Activity among Never-married Youth ........................... 201 14.8.4 Drunkenness during Sex among Young Adults .................................... 201 CHAPTER 15 WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH OUTCOMES 15.1 Employment and Form of Earnings.................................................................. 203 15.2 Control Over and Relative Magnitude of Women’s Earnings ........................... 204 15.3 Control Over Men’s Cash Earnings .................................................................. 206 15.4 Women’s Participation in Decisionmaking ...................................................... 208 15.5 Attitudes toward Wife Beating ........................................................................ 213 15.6 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex with Husband .................................................. 216 15.7 Current Use of Contraception by Women’s Status .......................................... 222 15.8 Ideal Family Size and Unmet Need by Women’s Status .................................. 222 15.9 Reproductive Health Care by Women’s Status ................................................ 224 CHAPTER 16 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16.1 Measurement of Violence ............................................................................... 226 16.1.1 The Use of Valid Measures of Violence ............................................... 226 16.1.2 Ethical Considerations ......................................................................... 227 16.1.3 Special Training for Implementing the Domestic Violence Module ...... 227 16.1.4 Characteristics of the Sub-sample of Respondents for the Domestic Violence Module ................................................................................ 228 16.2 Experience of Domestic Violence by Women ................................................. 228 16.3 Perpetrators of Physical Violence Against Women ........................................... 230 16.4 Women’s Experience of Force at Sexual Initiation ........................................... 231 16.5 Experience of Sexual Violence and Perpetrators of Sexual Violence ................ 231 16.6 Experience of Different Types of Violence ...................................................... 233 16.7 Violence during Pregnancy ............................................................................. 233 16.8 Marital Control ............................................................................................... 234 16.9 Types of Spousal Violence .............................................................................. 236 16.10 Violence by Spousal Characteristics and Empowerment Indicators .................. 240 16.11 Frequency of Spousal Violence ....................................................................... 241 16.12 Onset of Spousal Violence .............................................................................. 242 16.13 Types of Injuries to Women Resulting from Spousal Violence ......................... 242 16.14 Physical Violence by Women against Their Spouse ......................................... 243 16.15 Help-seeking Behavior of Women who Experience Violence .......................... 245 16.16 Family Support for Abused Women in Need ................................................... 245 16.17 Social Norms and Values ................................................................................ 247 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................... 249 APPENDIX A SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION ......................................................................... 255 APPENDIX B ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS ............................................................. 261 APPENDIX C DATA QUALITY ............................................................................................. 281 APPENDIX D SURVEY PERSONNEL ..................................................................................... 289 APPENDIX E QUESTIONNAIRES ........................................................................................ 293 Contents | vii
Page 1 and 2: Timor-Leste Demographic and Health
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
Page 5: CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7.1
Page 10 and 11: x | Tables and Figures CHAPTER 4 FE
Page 12 and 13: xii | Tables and Figures Table 11.4
Page 14 and 15: xiv | Tables and Figures Table 16.4
Page 17: FOREWORD The 2009-10 Timor-Leste De
Page 21: CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT Elias do
Page 24 and 25: about three children more than wome
Page 26 and 27: Postnatal Care. The majority of wom
Page 28 and 29: However, the level of chronic energ
Page 31 and 32: MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICAT
Page 33 and 34: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
Page 35 and 36: The government of Timor-Leste has l
Page 37 and 38: 1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The
Page 39 and 40: 1.8 HEMOGLOBIN TESTING In one-third
Page 41: In these households, 13,796 women w
Page 44 and 45: Table 2.1 Household population by a
Page 46 and 47: The percentage of children not livi
Page 48 and 49: The Early Childhood Care and Educat
Page 50 and 51: Table 2.4.2 Educational attainment
Page 52 and 53: The GAR at the primary school level
Page 54 and 55: ate (2 percent) than their rural co
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water. Thirty-six percent of househ
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The type of flooring material used
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Table 2.11 Wealth quintiles Percent
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Th
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Table 3.2.1 Educational attainment:
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Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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3.4.2 Occupation Respondents who we
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3.4.3 Earnings, Employers, and Cont
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Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 show the per
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Table 3.9.1 Use of tobacco: Women P
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FERTILITY 4 One of the major object
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Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
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calculated in the 2003 DHS follows
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of primary sterility. In Timor-Lest
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Table 4.8 Median age at first birth
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FAMILY PLANNING 5 In 2002, the Coun
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According to the 2003 DHS, knowledg
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Table 5.3.1 Ever use of contracepti
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
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Use increases with parity but with
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Female and male sterilizations are
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Table 5.10 Future use of contracept
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Table 5.13 Exposure to family plann
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Table 5.15 Husband/partner’s know
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6.2 POLYGYNY Polygyny (the practice
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20.9 years. Although the proportion
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84 | Other Proximate Determinants o
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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There is little difference in the p
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2 percent among women age 30-34 to
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92 | Fertility Preferences Table 7.
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94 | Fertility Preferences 7.3 NEED
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96 | Fertility Preferences an idea
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98 | Fertility Preferences The perc
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with their death, or they may live
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100 80 60 40 20 102 | Infant and Ch
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104 | Infant and Child Mortality Ta
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8.7 HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR Th
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ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 9 The
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9.2 ADULT MORTALITY Table 9.3 Sibsh
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MATERNAL HEALTH 10 Making Pregnancy
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among women in the lowest wealth qu
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A much lower percentage of Timorese
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Table 10.5 Knowledge of danger sign
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10.6.2 Assistance during Delivery O
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Table 10.8 Knowledge of danger sign
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Table 10.10 Application of material
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Table 10.12 Timing of first postnat
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Where health services are present,
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CHILD HEALTH 11 This chapter presen
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In the TLDHS, information on vaccin
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Boys (54 percent) are somewhat more
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The data indicate that two percent
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11.6 DIARRHEAL DISEASE Dehydration
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Table 11.8 Diarrhea treatment Among
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Ten percent of children with diarrh
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There are marked differences in the
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international reference population
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80 Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 150
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60 50 40 30 20 10 152 | Nutrition o
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Table 12.2 shows the percentages of
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100 Percent 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
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Table 12.5 Foods and liquids consum
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Table 12.6 Infant and young child f
Page 194 and 195:
Table 12.7 shows the percentage of
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the most recent distribution preced
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Table 12.10 Nutritional status of w
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Table 12.12 shows data on micronutr
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12.12 PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN
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MALARIA 13 Malaria remains a leadin
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13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Chil
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Tables 13.3 and 13.4 show the perce
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The highest prevalence of fever is
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HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
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percent of women and 61 percent of
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person who has AIDS or by sharing c
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Comprehensive knowledge about AIDS
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HIV or AIDS on all four indicators
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Table 14.6 Payment for sexual inter
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14.5 MALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumc
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In the 2009-10 TLDHS, women and men
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100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 64 Total
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14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom
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To assess the extent of condom use
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WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPH
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Table 15.2.1 Control over women’s
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Table 15.2.2 Control over men's cas
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Table 15.4.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 15.5.1 Women’s participatio
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15.5 ATTITUDES TOWARD WIFE BEATING
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Table 15.6.2 Attitude toward wife b
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Table 15.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
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Women’s empowerment is closely as
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Table 15.8 Indicators of women’s
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pathways: its negative association
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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16 In the words o
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partner] hit, slapped, kicked, or d
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Table 16.1 Experience of physical v
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Among women who have never been mar
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who experienced sexual violence fir
Page 267 and 268:
Domestic violence is not limited to
Page 269 and 270:
Table 16.8 Forms of spousal violenc
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Table 16.9—Continued Emotional vi
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Table 16.10 Spousal violence by hus
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16.14 Physical Violence by Women ag
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16.15 HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF WOME
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16.17 SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES The f
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REFERENCES Acharya, M. 2010. Effort
Page 283 and 284:
Ministry of Health (MOH) [Timor-Les
Page 285:
World Health Organization (WHO), Wo
Page 288 and 289:
256 | Appendix A during the populat
Page 290 and 291:
A.5 SURVEY RESULTS 258 | Appendix A
Page 293 and 294:
ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
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Table B.1 List of selected variable
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Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
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Table B.5 Sampling errors for Aileu
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Table B.7 Sampling errors for Bauca
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Table B.9 Sampling errors for Coval
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Table B.11 Sampling errors for Erme
Page 307 and 308:
Table B.13 Sampling errors for Liqu
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Table B.15 Sampling errors for Manu
Page 311:
Table B.17 Sampling errors for Viqu
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282 | Appendix C Table C.2.1 Age di
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284 | Appendix C Table C.5 Reportin
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286 | Appendix C Table C.7 Nutritio
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2009-10 TIM
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Martinho da Costa Cesaltina Falcao
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QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix E Appendix
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296 | Appendix E Introduction and C
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IF AGE 15 IF AGE 0-17 YEARS IF AGE
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300 | Appendix E HOUSEHOLD CHARACTE
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302 | Appendix E NO. QUESTIONS AND
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306 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND
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308 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AN
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310 | Appendix E
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312 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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314 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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212 316 | Appendix E 213 214 215 21
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326 | Appendix E LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO
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350 | Appendix E LAST SEXUAL PARTNE
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352 | Appendix E SECTION 7. FERTILI
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356 | Appendix E SECTION 8. HUSBAND
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362 | Appendix E SECTION 10. OTHER
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364 | Appendix E SECTION 11. MATERN
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366 | Appendix E SECTION 12. DOMEST
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372 | Appendix E INSTRUCTIONS: 2 04
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374 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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376 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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378 | Appendix E SECTION 3. CONTRAC
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380 | Appendix E 311 Where is that?
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386 | Appendix E SECTION 5. FERTILI
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388 | Appendix E SECTION 6. EMPLOYM
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390 | Appendix E SECTION 7. HIV/AID
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