Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

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34 | Characteristics of Respondents Table 3.2.2 Educational attainment: Men Percent distribution of men age 15-49 by highest level of schooling attended or completed, and median years completed, according to background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Background characteristic No education Some primary Highest level of schooling Completed primary 1 Some secondary Completed secondary 2 More than secondary Total Median years completed Number of men Age 15-24 11.7 13.9 6.6 48.7 16.9 2.1 100.0 7.6 1,636 15-19 10.8 15.7 7.1 59.7 6.3 0.5 100.0 7.3 994 20-24 13.2 11.2 5.9 31.8 33.3 4.6 100.0 12.2 643 25-29 20.4 19.9 6.9 12.4 31.3 9.2 100.0 7.7 586 30-34 19.1 18.6 9.1 16.3 28.5 8.4 100.0 7.6 439 35-39 20.0 17.2 12.7 17.9 20.8 11.5 100.0 6.1 553 40-44 29.2 18.2 8.9 13.2 24.7 5.9 100.0 5.3 462 45-49 Residence 37.5 27.0 8.3 10.2 13.3 3.8 100.0 2.3 400 Urban 9.3 11.4 5.9 27.6 31.0 14.9 100.0 13.1 1,102 Rural District 23.2 19.7 9.0 28.2 17.7 2.2 100.0 5.7 2,974 Aileu 17.9 17.7 11.1 31.2 19.7 2.4 100.0 6.6 181 Ainaro 29.7 16.7 7.0 31.0 14.0 1.6 100.0 5.4 217 Baucau 15.7 22.7 7.4 27.3 24.6 2.3 100.0 7.1 415 Bobonaro 28.9 16.8 8.5 25.2 18.2 2.4 100.0 5.5 357 Covalima 12.5 14.7 12.7 32.4 23.0 4.7 100.0 7.9 236 Dili 7.1 10.7 6.0 24.5 34.3 17.4 100.0 13.9 797 Ermera 37.1 20.9 6.9 23.4 11.0 0.7 100.0 3.7 491 Lautem 11.0 9.2 9.0 42.0 24.3 4.6 100.0 8.3 308 Liquiçá 17.5 24.4 6.6 30.5 18.1 2.9 100.0 6.0 252 Manatuto 17.8 20.1 8.2 28.0 23.1 2.8 100.0 6.6 190 Manufahi 20.0 14.3 7.9 37.7 16.6 3.6 100.0 6.9 137 Oecussi 29.1 27.3 13.7 18.2 7.9 3.7 100.0 4.0 235 Viqueque Wealth quintile 19.0 21.7 8.4 28.7 18.1 4.1 100.0 6.0 260 Lowest 32.3 22.0 10.7 26.2 8.2 0.5 100.0 4.2 728 Second 26.6 21.8 10.6 26.4 14.2 0.4 100.0 5.1 781 Middle 23.3 20.3 9.5 29.6 15.2 2.0 100.0 5.6 786 Fourth 15.0 17.5 5.8 30.2 27.4 4.1 100.0 8.1 849 Highest 4.0 8.0 5.2 27.4 36.9 18.5 100.0 14.1 932 Total 15-49 19.4 17.5 8.2 28.0 21.3 5.7 100.0 7.1 4,076 1 Completed grade 6 at the primary level 2 Completed grade 12 at the secondary level Literacy is widely acknowledged as benefiting the individual and the society and is associated with a number of positive outcomes for health, nutrition, and the overall well-being of both men and women. In the 2009-10 TLDHS, literacy was determined by the respondents’ ability to read all or part of a sentence. During data collection, interviewers carried a set of cards on which simple sentences were printed in five of the major languages. These cards were used to test a respondent’s reading ability. Only those who had never been to school and those who had not completed the primary level were asked to read the cards in the language they were most likely able to read. Those who had attended secondary school or received higher education were assumed to be literate. Table 3.3.1 indicates that more than two-thirds of women in Timor-Leste (68 percent) are literate. The literacy status varies by place of residence. Four-fifths of women residing in urban areas are literate compared with three-fifths of their rural counterparts. The level of literacy by age shows a consistent decrease with increasing age. This suggests that the younger generations have had more opportunity to learn to read than the older generations. Eighty-six percent of women age 15-19 are literate compared with 29 percent of women age 45-49.
Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent distribution of women age 15-49 by level of schooling attended and level of literacy, and percentage literate, according to background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Background characteristic Presecondary school or higher Can read a whole sentence Can read part of a sentence No schooling or primary school Cannot read at all No card with required language Blind/ visually impaired Missing Total Percentage literate 1 Number of women Age 15-19 68.3 11.2 6.6 13.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 86.1 3,144 20-24 63.6 9.5 8.3 18.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 81.4 2,343 25-29 50.6 10.9 10.3 27.9 0.1 0.2 0.0 100.0 71.8 1,897 30-34 42.7 14.3 10.1 32.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 67.1 1,534 35-39 34.6 12.0 12.5 40.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 59.0 1,684 40-44 22.9 9.6 10.3 56.8 0.1 0.2 0.0 100.0 42.8 1,388 45-49 Residence 10.8 8.9 9.5 70.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 100.0 29.3 1,146 Urban 69.6 8.0 6.1 16.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 83.8 3,439 Rural District 40.0 12.0 10.4 37.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 100.0 62.4 9,698 Aileu 43.6 11.6 9.8 35.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 65.0 554 Ainaro 43.5 5.1 9.2 42.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 100.0 57.8 619 Baucau 50.4 12.1 6.9 30.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 69.3 1,408 Bobonaro 35.6 10.8 11.6 41.4 0.1 0.4 0.0 100.0 58.0 1,262 Covalima 52.7 10.6 10.9 25.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 100.0 74.2 781 Dili 74.5 7.9 6.7 10.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 89.2 2,466 Ermera 29.5 5.5 12.2 52.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 100.0 47.2 1,542 Lautem 53.4 14.4 10.3 21.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 78.1 864 Liquiçá 39.5 11.0 12.3 37.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 100.0 62.8 801 Manatuto 50.8 14.5 8.4 26.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 73.7 603 Manufahi 50.3 11.6 8.4 29.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 70.3 470 Oecussi 23.0 20.6 8.0 48.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 51.6 884 Viqueque Wealth quintile 43.1 15.3 8.2 33.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 100.0 66.6 882 Lowest 21.6 14.9 10.0 53.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 100.0 46.5 2,314 Second 31.6 11.2 12.2 44.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 55.1 2,468 Middle 41.9 11.8 10.4 35.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 100.0 64.2 2,590 Fourth 55.0 10.5 9.3 25.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 74.7 2,687 Highest 79.1 7.4 5.2 8.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 100.0 91.8 3,077 Total 47.8 10.9 9.2 31.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 68.0 13,137 1 Refers to women who attended pre-secondary school or higher and women who can read a whole sentence or part of a sentence Not surprisingly, literacy is highest in Dili, the most urban district in the country, with nine in ten women being literate. Less than one in two women in Ermera is literate, however. There is also a significant difference in literacy levels by women’s wealth status, with literacy rising from a low of 47 percent among women in the lowest wealth quintile to a high of 92 percent among women in the highest wealth quintile. This reaffirms the positive association between economic status and literacy. Men are more likely to be literate than women (Table 3.3.2). Four-fifths of Timorese men age 15-49 are literate. The gap in urban-rural literacy among men is smaller than the gap among women, suggesting that men in rural areas are better able to access learning than women. The level of literacy ranges from a low of 56 percent of men in Oecussi to a high of 92 percent of men in Dili. Nearly all men (95 percent) in the highest wealth quintile are literate. Characteristics of Respondents | 35
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Timor-Leste Demographic and Health
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CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
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CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7.1
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14.8 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and
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x | Tables and Figures CHAPTER 4 FE
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xii | Tables and Figures Table 11.4
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xiv | Tables and Figures Table 16.4
Page 17: FOREWORD The 2009-10 Timor-Leste De
Page 21: CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT Elias do
Page 24 and 25: about three children more than wome
Page 26 and 27: Postnatal Care. The majority of wom
Page 28 and 29: However, the level of chronic energ
Page 31 and 32: MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICAT
Page 33 and 34: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
Page 35 and 36: The government of Timor-Leste has l
Page 37 and 38: 1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The
Page 39 and 40: 1.8 HEMOGLOBIN TESTING In one-third
Page 41: In these households, 13,796 women w
Page 44 and 45: Table 2.1 Household population by a
Page 46 and 47: The percentage of children not livi
Page 48 and 49: The Early Childhood Care and Educat
Page 50 and 51: Table 2.4.2 Educational attainment
Page 52 and 53: The GAR at the primary school level
Page 54 and 55: ate (2 percent) than their rural co
Page 56 and 57: water. Thirty-six percent of househ
Page 58 and 59: The type of flooring material used
Page 60 and 61: Table 2.11 Wealth quintiles Percent
Page 63 and 64: CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Th
Page 65: Table 3.2.1 Educational attainment:
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
Page 73 and 74: 3.4.2 Occupation Respondents who we
Page 75 and 76: 3.4.3 Earnings, Employers, and Cont
Page 77 and 78: Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 show the per
Page 79 and 80: Table 3.9.1 Use of tobacco: Women P
Page 81 and 82: FERTILITY 4 One of the major object
Page 83 and 84: Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 85 and 86: calculated in the 2003 DHS follows
Page 87 and 88: of primary sterility. In Timor-Lest
Page 89 and 90: Table 4.8 Median age at first birth
Page 91 and 92: FAMILY PLANNING 5 In 2002, the Coun
Page 93 and 94: According to the 2003 DHS, knowledg
Page 95 and 96: Table 5.3.1 Ever use of contracepti
Page 97 and 98: Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
Page 99 and 100: Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
Page 101 and 102: Use increases with parity but with
Page 103 and 104: Female and male sterilizations are
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.10 Future use of contracept
Page 107 and 108: Table 5.13 Exposure to family plann
Page 109: Table 5.15 Husband/partner’s know
Page 112 and 113: 6.2 POLYGYNY Polygyny (the practice
Page 114 and 115: 20.9 years. Although the proportion
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84 | Other Proximate Determinants o
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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There is little difference in the p
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2 percent among women age 30-34 to
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92 | Fertility Preferences Table 7.
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94 | Fertility Preferences 7.3 NEED
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96 | Fertility Preferences an idea
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98 | Fertility Preferences The perc
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with their death, or they may live
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100 80 60 40 20 102 | Infant and Ch
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104 | Infant and Child Mortality Ta
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8.7 HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR Th
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ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 9 The
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9.2 ADULT MORTALITY Table 9.3 Sibsh
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MATERNAL HEALTH 10 Making Pregnancy
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among women in the lowest wealth qu
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A much lower percentage of Timorese
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Table 10.5 Knowledge of danger sign
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10.6.2 Assistance during Delivery O
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Table 10.8 Knowledge of danger sign
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Table 10.10 Application of material
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Table 10.12 Timing of first postnat
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Where health services are present,
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CHILD HEALTH 11 This chapter presen
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In the TLDHS, information on vaccin
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Boys (54 percent) are somewhat more
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The data indicate that two percent
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11.6 DIARRHEAL DISEASE Dehydration
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Table 11.8 Diarrhea treatment Among
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Ten percent of children with diarrh
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There are marked differences in the
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international reference population
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80 Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 150
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60 50 40 30 20 10 152 | Nutrition o
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Table 12.2 shows the percentages of
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100 Percent 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
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Table 12.5 Foods and liquids consum
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Table 12.6 Infant and young child f
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Table 12.7 shows the percentage of
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the most recent distribution preced
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Table 12.10 Nutritional status of w
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Table 12.12 shows data on micronutr
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12.12 PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN
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MALARIA 13 Malaria remains a leadin
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13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Chil
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Tables 13.3 and 13.4 show the perce
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The highest prevalence of fever is
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HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
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percent of women and 61 percent of
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person who has AIDS or by sharing c
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Comprehensive knowledge about AIDS
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HIV or AIDS on all four indicators
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Table 14.6 Payment for sexual inter
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14.5 MALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumc
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In the 2009-10 TLDHS, women and men
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100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 64 Total
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14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom
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To assess the extent of condom use
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WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPH
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Table 15.2.1 Control over women’s
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Table 15.2.2 Control over men's cas
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Table 15.4.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 15.5.1 Women’s participatio
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15.5 ATTITUDES TOWARD WIFE BEATING
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Table 15.6.2 Attitude toward wife b
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Table 15.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
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Women’s empowerment is closely as
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Table 15.8 Indicators of women’s
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pathways: its negative association
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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16 In the words o
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partner] hit, slapped, kicked, or d
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Table 16.1 Experience of physical v
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Among women who have never been mar
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who experienced sexual violence fir
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Domestic violence is not limited to
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Table 16.8 Forms of spousal violenc
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Table 16.9—Continued Emotional vi
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Table 16.10 Spousal violence by hus
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16.14 Physical Violence by Women ag
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16.15 HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF WOME
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16.17 SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES The f
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REFERENCES Acharya, M. 2010. Effort
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Ministry of Health (MOH) [Timor-Les
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World Health Organization (WHO), Wo
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256 | Appendix A during the populat
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A.5 SURVEY RESULTS 258 | Appendix A
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
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Table B.1 List of selected variable
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Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
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Table B.5 Sampling errors for Aileu
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Table B.7 Sampling errors for Bauca
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Table B.9 Sampling errors for Coval
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Table B.11 Sampling errors for Erme
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Table B.13 Sampling errors for Liqu
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Table B.15 Sampling errors for Manu
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Table B.17 Sampling errors for Viqu
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282 | Appendix C Table C.2.1 Age di
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284 | Appendix C Table C.5 Reportin
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286 | Appendix C Table C.7 Nutritio
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2009-10 TIM
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Martinho da Costa Cesaltina Falcao
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QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix E Appendix
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296 | Appendix E Introduction and C
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IF AGE 15 IF AGE 0-17 YEARS IF AGE
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300 | Appendix E HOUSEHOLD CHARACTE
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302 | Appendix E NO. QUESTIONS AND
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306 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND
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308 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AN
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310 | Appendix E
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312 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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314 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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212 316 | Appendix E 213 214 215 21
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326 | Appendix E LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO
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350 | Appendix E LAST SEXUAL PARTNE
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352 | Appendix E SECTION 7. FERTILI
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356 | Appendix E SECTION 8. HUSBAND
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362 | Appendix E SECTION 10. OTHER
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364 | Appendix E SECTION 11. MATERN
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366 | Appendix E SECTION 12. DOMEST
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372 | Appendix E INSTRUCTIONS: 2 04
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374 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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376 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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378 | Appendix E SECTION 3. CONTRAC
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380 | Appendix E 311 Where is that?
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386 | Appendix E SECTION 5. FERTILI
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388 | Appendix E SECTION 6. EMPLOYM
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390 | Appendix E SECTION 7. HIV/AID
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