Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

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Looking at the age patterns for young women, the proportion of women reporting that they had sex before age 15 and 18 are lower among those under age 20 than among those above age 20. Lower percentages of women age 18-19 had initiated sex before age 18 than women age 20-24. This likely reflects the effect of rising age at marriage, because a negligible proportion of never-married young women report that they had sex by age 15 or by age 18. There are obvious differences in age at first sexual intercourse among youth by district, education, and wealth quintile. For example, 4 percent of young women with primary education had first sexual intercourse before the age of 15, and about 31 percent had initiated sexual intercourse before the age of 18. On the other hand, less than 1 percent of young men with primary and secondary education had sexual intercourse before the age of 15, and 11 percent before age 18. 200 | HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Table 14.13 Condom use at first sexual intercourse among youth Among young women and young men age 15-24 who have ever had sexual intercourse, percentage who used a condom the first time they had sexual intercourse, by background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Background characteristic Women age 15-24 Men age 15-24 Percentage who used a condom at first sexual intercourse Number of women who have ever had sexual intercourse Percentage who used a condom at first sexual intercourse Number of men who have ever had sexual intercourse Age 15-19 3.1 272 6.8 101 15-17 4.9 63 5.1 38 18-19 2.6 209 7.8 62 20-24 1.7 1,157 10.4 360 20-22 1.4 613 9.4 204 23-24 Marital status 2.0 544 11.6 156 Never married (4.9) 23 11.2 329 Ever married Knows condom source 1.9 1,406 5.4 132 1 Yes 3.2 162 14.8 270 No Residence 1.8 1,266 2.2 191 Urban 1.6 342 12.2 128 Rural District 2.1 1,087 8.5 333 Aileu 2.7 60 (17.8) 25 Ainaro 1.1 71 * 15 Baucau 3.7 142 * 22 Bobonaro 3.3 167 * 13 Covalima 0.0 86 8.3 51 Dili 1.7 232 14.3 98 Ermera 1.0 151 (15.1) 67 Lautem 1.7 91 (2.3) 23 Liquiçá 0.8 92 3.4 45 Manatuto 2.3 71 4.8 62 Manufahi 4.8 72 * 9 Oecussi 0.0 97 * 20 Viqueque Education 2.1 96 * 12 No education 1.8 264 3.4 44 Primary 3.2 419 2.8 87 Secondary 1.4 717 10.2 303 More than secondary Wealth quintile 0.0 29 * 27 Lowest 2.8 243 7.0 64 Second 2.5 295 5.1 75 Middle 1.1 324 11.1 94 Fourth 1.7 319 12.6 114 Highest 2.1 247 9.6 114 Total 2.0 1,428 9.6 461 Note: Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases. An asterisk indicated that a figure is based on fewer than 25 cases and has been suppressed. 1 For this table, the following responses are not considered a source for condoms: friends, family members, and home.
To assess the extent of condom use at first sexual exposure, respondents age 15-24 who had ever had sex were asked whether they had used condoms the first time they had sex. Table 14.13 shows that only 2 percent of young women and 10 percent of young men had used condoms during their first sexual encounter. Never-married male youth were much more likely than ever-married male youth to have used a condom. Among male youth, higher educational attainment, greater wealth, and urban residence are related to the higher use of condoms during the first sexual intercourse. Differences among young women by background characteristics are small. 14.8.3 Recent Sexual Activity among Never-married Youth The period between age at first sex and age at first marriage is often a time of sexual experimentation, which can increase the risk of contracting HIV. Table 14.14 presents data on the percentage of never-married young men age 15-24 who had not yet engaged in sex and the percentage who had had sex in the 12 months preceding the survey. Data for young women is not shown separately because almost all never-married women report not having had sex. The table shows that about 78 percent of never-married young men have never had sexual intercourse. As a consequence, among male youth, the proportions reporting sexual activity within the 12-month period before the survey are relatively low (about 15 percent). About 12 percent of never-married young men reporting recent sexual activity in the past 12 months said that they used a condom the last time they had sex (data not shown). Premarital sexual intercourse among young men is higher at older ages, in urban areas, in Manatuto, among highly educated youth, and among those in the wealthiest quintiles. 14.8.4 Drunkenness during Sex among Young Adults Table 14.14 Premarital sexual intercourse during premarital sexual intercourse among youth Among never-married men age 15-24, the percentage who have never had sexual intercourse and the percentage who had sexual intercourse in the past 12 months, by background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009- 10 Background characteristic Percentage who have never had sexual intercourse Men Percentage who had sexual intercourse in the past 12 months Number of never- married men Age 15-19 90.2 7.1 990 15-17 93.9 4.2 626 18-19 83.8 12.1 364 20-24 54.9 29.5 515 20-22 58.8 27.0 352 23-24 Knows condom source 46.6 34.8 162 1 Yes 53.2 35.6 484 No Residence 90.0 4.9 1,021 Urban 75.3 17.4 402 Rural District 79.2 13.8 1,102 Aileu 71.1 10.0 71 Ainaro 89.3 4.9 87 Baucau 97.6 1.2 132 Bobonaro 100.0 0.0 148 Covalima 49.7 40.0 91 Dili 72.9 20.6 272 Ermera 78.2 10.9 228 Lautem 85.7 9.2 130 Liquiçá 61.9 16.6 95 Manatuto 25.4 73.9 74 Manufahi 95.4 0.0 46 Oecussi 76.0 17.2 57 Viqueque Education 97.8 0.0 76 No education 86.4 11.2 171 Primary 84.3 10.8 296 Secondary 76.8 15.2 1,004 More than secondary Wealth quintile (22.9) (53.5) 34 Lowest 83.9 10.9 268 Second 84.6 9.6 286 Middle 78.8 15.1 296 Fourth 73.2 15.0 323 Highest 72.1 21.8 331 Total 78.1 14.8 1,504 1 For this table, the following responses are not considered a source for condoms: friends, family members and home. Engaging in sexual intercourse while under the influence of alcohol can impair judgment, compromise power relations, and increase risky sexual behavior. Respondents who had sex in the 12 months preceding the survey were asked (for each partner) if they or their partner drank alcohol the last time they had sexual intercourse with that partner, and whether they or their partner was drunk. As shown in Table 14.15, very few young people (less than 1 percent of women and men) reported being drunk during their last sexual intercourse and less than 1 percent each of young women and men said that either they or their partners were drunk. There is little variation by background characteristics of respondents. HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior | 201
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Timor-Leste Demographic and Health
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CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
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CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7.1
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14.8 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and
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x | Tables and Figures CHAPTER 4 FE
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xii | Tables and Figures Table 11.4
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xiv | Tables and Figures Table 16.4
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FOREWORD The 2009-10 Timor-Leste De
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CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT Elias do
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about three children more than wome
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Postnatal Care. The majority of wom
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However, the level of chronic energ
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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICAT
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INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
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The government of Timor-Leste has l
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1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The
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1.8 HEMOGLOBIN TESTING In one-third
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In these households, 13,796 women w
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Table 2.1 Household population by a
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The percentage of children not livi
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The Early Childhood Care and Educat
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Table 2.4.2 Educational attainment
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The GAR at the primary school level
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ate (2 percent) than their rural co
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water. Thirty-six percent of househ
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The type of flooring material used
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Table 2.11 Wealth quintiles Percent
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Th
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Table 3.2.1 Educational attainment:
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Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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3.4.2 Occupation Respondents who we
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3.4.3 Earnings, Employers, and Cont
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Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 show the per
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Table 3.9.1 Use of tobacco: Women P
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FERTILITY 4 One of the major object
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Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
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calculated in the 2003 DHS follows
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of primary sterility. In Timor-Lest
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Table 4.8 Median age at first birth
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FAMILY PLANNING 5 In 2002, the Coun
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According to the 2003 DHS, knowledg
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Table 5.3.1 Ever use of contracepti
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
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Use increases with parity but with
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Female and male sterilizations are
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Table 5.10 Future use of contracept
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Table 5.13 Exposure to family plann
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Table 5.15 Husband/partner’s know
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6.2 POLYGYNY Polygyny (the practice
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20.9 years. Although the proportion
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84 | Other Proximate Determinants o
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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There is little difference in the p
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2 percent among women age 30-34 to
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92 | Fertility Preferences Table 7.
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94 | Fertility Preferences 7.3 NEED
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96 | Fertility Preferences an idea
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98 | Fertility Preferences The perc
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with their death, or they may live
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100 80 60 40 20 102 | Infant and Ch
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104 | Infant and Child Mortality Ta
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8.7 HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR Th
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ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 9 The
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9.2 ADULT MORTALITY Table 9.3 Sibsh
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MATERNAL HEALTH 10 Making Pregnancy
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among women in the lowest wealth qu
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A much lower percentage of Timorese
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Table 10.5 Knowledge of danger sign
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10.6.2 Assistance during Delivery O
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Table 10.8 Knowledge of danger sign
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Table 10.10 Application of material
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Table 10.12 Timing of first postnat
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Where health services are present,
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CHILD HEALTH 11 This chapter presen
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In the TLDHS, information on vaccin
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Boys (54 percent) are somewhat more
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The data indicate that two percent
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11.6 DIARRHEAL DISEASE Dehydration
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Table 11.8 Diarrhea treatment Among
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Ten percent of children with diarrh
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There are marked differences in the
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international reference population
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Page 184 and 185: 60 50 40 30 20 10 152 | Nutrition o
Page 186 and 187: Table 12.2 shows the percentages of
Page 188 and 189: 100 Percent 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
Page 190 and 191: Table 12.5 Foods and liquids consum
Page 192 and 193: Table 12.6 Infant and young child f
Page 194 and 195: Table 12.7 shows the percentage of
Page 196 and 197: the most recent distribution preced
Page 198 and 199: Table 12.10 Nutritional status of w
Page 200 and 201: Table 12.12 shows data on micronutr
Page 202 and 203: 12.12 PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN
Page 205 and 206: MALARIA 13 Malaria remains a leadin
Page 207 and 208: 13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Chil
Page 209 and 210: Tables 13.3 and 13.4 show the perce
Page 211 and 212: The highest prevalence of fever is
Page 213 and 214: HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
Page 215 and 216: percent of women and 61 percent of
Page 217 and 218: person who has AIDS or by sharing c
Page 219 and 220: Comprehensive knowledge about AIDS
Page 221 and 222: HIV or AIDS on all four indicators
Page 223 and 224: Table 14.6 Payment for sexual inter
Page 225 and 226: 14.5 MALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumc
Page 227 and 228: In the 2009-10 TLDHS, women and men
Page 229 and 230: 100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 64 Total
Page 231: 14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom
Page 235 and 236: WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPH
Page 237 and 238: Table 15.2.1 Control over women’s
Page 239 and 240: Table 15.2.2 Control over men's cas
Page 241 and 242: Table 15.4.1 Women’s participatio
Page 243 and 244: Table 15.5.1 Women’s participatio
Page 245 and 246: 15.5 ATTITUDES TOWARD WIFE BEATING
Page 247 and 248: Table 15.6.2 Attitude toward wife b
Page 249 and 250: Table 15.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
Page 251 and 252: Women’s empowerment is closely as
Page 253 and 254: Table 15.8 Indicators of women’s
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Page 257 and 258: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16 In the words o
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Page 261 and 262: Table 16.1 Experience of physical v
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Page 267 and 268: Domestic violence is not limited to
Page 269 and 270: Table 16.8 Forms of spousal violenc
Page 271 and 272: Table 16.9—Continued Emotional vi
Page 273 and 274: Table 16.10 Spousal violence by hus
Page 275 and 276: 16.14 Physical Violence by Women ag
Page 277 and 278: 16.15 HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF WOME
Page 279 and 280: 16.17 SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES The f
Page 281 and 282: REFERENCES Acharya, M. 2010. Effort
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Ministry of Health (MOH) [Timor-Les
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World Health Organization (WHO), Wo
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256 | Appendix A during the populat
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A.5 SURVEY RESULTS 258 | Appendix A
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
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Table B.1 List of selected variable
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Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
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Table B.5 Sampling errors for Aileu
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Table B.7 Sampling errors for Bauca
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Table B.9 Sampling errors for Coval
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Table B.11 Sampling errors for Erme
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Table B.13 Sampling errors for Liqu
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Table B.15 Sampling errors for Manu
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Table B.17 Sampling errors for Viqu
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282 | Appendix C Table C.2.1 Age di
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284 | Appendix C Table C.5 Reportin
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286 | Appendix C Table C.7 Nutritio
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2009-10 TIM
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Martinho da Costa Cesaltina Falcao
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QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix E Appendix
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296 | Appendix E Introduction and C
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IF AGE 15 IF AGE 0-17 YEARS IF AGE
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300 | Appendix E HOUSEHOLD CHARACTE
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302 | Appendix E NO. QUESTIONS AND
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306 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND
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308 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AN
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310 | Appendix E
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312 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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314 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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212 316 | Appendix E 213 214 215 21
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326 | Appendix E LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO
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350 | Appendix E LAST SEXUAL PARTNE
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352 | Appendix E SECTION 7. FERTILI
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356 | Appendix E SECTION 8. HUSBAND
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362 | Appendix E SECTION 10. OTHER
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364 | Appendix E SECTION 11. MATERN
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366 | Appendix E SECTION 12. DOMEST
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372 | Appendix E INSTRUCTIONS: 2 04
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374 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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376 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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378 | Appendix E SECTION 3. CONTRAC
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380 | Appendix E 311 Where is that?
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386 | Appendix E SECTION 5. FERTILI
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388 | Appendix E SECTION 6. EMPLOYM
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390 | Appendix E SECTION 7. HIV/AID
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