Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

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Table 14.4.2 Accepting attitudes toward those living with HIV/AIDS: Men Among men age 15-49 who have heard of HIV/AIDS, percentage expressing specific accepting attitudes toward people with HIV/AIDS, by background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Background characteristic Are willing to care for a family member sick with AIDS in the respondent’s home 188 | HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Percentage of men who: Would buy fresh vegetables from shopkeeper who has the AIDS virus Say that a female teacher with the AIDS virus and is not sick should be allowed to continue teaching Would not want to keep secret that a family member got infected with the AIDS virus Percentage expressing acceptance attitudes on all four indicators Number of men who have heard of AIDS Age 15-24 25.4 22.6 28.6 85.9 2.7 1,024 15-19 24.9 21.5 26.8 83.8 2.2 564 20-24 26.1 24.0 30.7 88.5 3.2 460 25-29 27.7 27.0 31.1 87.2 4.1 414 30-39 25.2 18.3 26.9 88.3 3.8 611 40-49 Marital status 29.0 20.0 24.3 89.1 3.7 425 Never married 25.4 22.3 29.0 86.9 2.8 1,198 Ever had sex 33.8 19.0 35.2 92.4 5.3 453 Never had sex 20.3 24.3 25.2 83.5 1.3 745 Married/living together Divorced/separated/ 27.3 21.2 26.4 87.6 3.9 1,254 widowed Residence * * * * * 22 Urban 20.1 14.8 25.3 83.3 2.4 938 Rural District 30.2 26.2 29.4 89.7 3.9 1,536 Aileu 60.0 49.0 44.7 84.5 30.1 96 Ainaro 15.5 54.5 58.2 98.6 4.8 101 Baucau 2.6 17.4 3.8 97.4 0.0 267 Bobonaro 23.5 37.8 18.3 69.3 1.4 220 Covalima 0.3 5.4 3.9 99.5 0.0 183 Dili 14.6 11.5 22.0 83.6 2.1 740 Ermera 3.5 60.7 6.4 92.9 0.0 102 Lautem 12.9 17.4 36.7 95.6 1.5 179 Liquiçá 37.5 33.1 42.9 92.5 2.3 133 Manatuto 96.3 4.0 60.1 99.7 3.7 187 Manufahi 86.5 49.4 73.9 11.7 0.0 63 Oecussi 77.3 29.1 36.5 94.6 15.0 120 Viqueque Education 8.5 3.9 41.5 84.4 0.0 83 No education 36.9 15.6 25.2 78.7 1.5 175 Primary 33.5 19.1 24.6 87.7 2.5 458 Secondary 23.6 23.3 27.8 87.9 3.5 1,611 More than secondary Wealth quintile 23.2 21.8 36.4 88.7 5.4 230 Lowest 35.1 17.6 26.2 89.8 2.6 257 Second 26.2 30.6 29.7 86.8 4.6 346 Middle 29.4 25.5 29.2 91.6 3.3 430 Fourth 28.0 25.2 28.5 84.9 2.6 583 Highest 21.2 15.4 26.4 86.2 3.6 858 Total 15-49 26.4 21.8 27.8 87.3 3.4 2,474 Note: An asterisk indicates that a figure is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases and has been suppressed. Among those who have heard of AIDS, twice as many women as men (55 percent and 26 percent, respectively) state that they would be willing to care for a family member with AIDS in their home. Eighty-four percent of women and 87 percent of men say that they would not want to keep secret that a family member was infected with HIV, while 44 percent of women and 28 percent of men say that an HIV-positive female teacher should be allowed to continue teaching. A relatively lower proportion of women and men (34 percent and 22 percent, respectively) say they would buy fresh vegetables from a shopkeeper with AIDS. The percentage expressing accepting attitudes on all four measures is low: 11 percent among women and 3 percent among men. Stigma and attitudes associated with HIV and AIDS differ by respondents’ background characteristics. There are small differentials in the percentage expressing accepting attitudes toward those living with HIV/AIDS by age and marital status with one notable exception. Never-married men who have ever had sex are relatively more likely to express accepting attitudes towards people living with HIV or AIDS. Accepting attitudes are higher among women in urban areas than women in rural areas, but this trend is reversed among men. Exhibiting accepting attitudes towards people living with
HIV or AIDS on all four indicators ranges among women from a low of less than one percent in Baucau to a high of 31 percent in Viqueque, and among men from a low of 0 percent in Baucau, Covalima, Ermera, Manufahi, and Viqueque to a high of 30 percent among men in Aileu. Furthermore, women and men with more than secondary education and women living in the wealthiest households are also most likely to accept people living with HIV or AIDS. The relationship between wealth and acceptance among men is less clear. 14.3 RISKY BEHAVIORS The 2009-10 TLDHS included questions on respondents’ sexual partners during the 12 months preceding the survey. For male respondents, an additional question was asked about whether they paid for sex during the 12 months preceding the interview. Information on the use of condoms at the last sexual encounter with each partner in the last 12 months was collected from both women and men. Finally, sexually active women and men were asked about the total number of partners they had had during their lifetime. These questions are, of course, sensitive, and in interpreting the results in this section it is important to remember that respondents’ answers may be subject to some reporting bias. The discussion below focuses primarily on men because less than 1 percent of women reported having multiple sexual partners, and a separate analysis is not statistically meaningful. 14.3.1 Multiple Sexual Partners and Higher-risk Sexual Intercourse Table 14.5 presents information collected from men who had ever had intercourse about the number of sexual partners they had had during the 12-month period before the survey and the mean number of sexual partners that a man has had during his lifetime. Just over 1 percent of men age 15-49 reported having had two or more sexual partners during the 12 months prior to the survey, with men reporting a mean number of just under two partners in their lifetimes. Among men with two or more partners in the 12 months preceding the survey, 19 percent used a condom at last sex (data not presented). The differentials presented in Table 14.5 show that the percentage of men with two or more partners in the 12 months before the survey is higher among men age 25-29 than among younger and older men; higher among divorced, separated, or widowed men than among currently married or never married men; higher among urban than rural men; higher among highly educated men than among those with little or no education; and higher among men in the fourth and highest wealth quintiles. Due to the low number of men in the survey reporting multiple partners in the past 12 months, it is not possible to examine differentials in use of a condom at last sex among men with multiple partners. HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior | 189
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Timor-Leste Demographic and Health
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CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
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CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7.1
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14.8 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and
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x | Tables and Figures CHAPTER 4 FE
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xii | Tables and Figures Table 11.4
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xiv | Tables and Figures Table 16.4
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FOREWORD The 2009-10 Timor-Leste De
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CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT Elias do
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about three children more than wome
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Postnatal Care. The majority of wom
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However, the level of chronic energ
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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICAT
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INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
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The government of Timor-Leste has l
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1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The
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1.8 HEMOGLOBIN TESTING In one-third
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In these households, 13,796 women w
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Table 2.1 Household population by a
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The percentage of children not livi
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The Early Childhood Care and Educat
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Table 2.4.2 Educational attainment
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The GAR at the primary school level
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ate (2 percent) than their rural co
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water. Thirty-six percent of househ
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The type of flooring material used
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Table 2.11 Wealth quintiles Percent
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Th
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Table 3.2.1 Educational attainment:
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Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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3.4.2 Occupation Respondents who we
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3.4.3 Earnings, Employers, and Cont
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Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 show the per
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Table 3.9.1 Use of tobacco: Women P
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FERTILITY 4 One of the major object
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Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
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calculated in the 2003 DHS follows
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of primary sterility. In Timor-Lest
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Table 4.8 Median age at first birth
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FAMILY PLANNING 5 In 2002, the Coun
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According to the 2003 DHS, knowledg
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Table 5.3.1 Ever use of contracepti
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
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Use increases with parity but with
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Female and male sterilizations are
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Table 5.10 Future use of contracept
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Table 5.13 Exposure to family plann
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Table 5.15 Husband/partner’s know
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6.2 POLYGYNY Polygyny (the practice
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20.9 years. Although the proportion
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84 | Other Proximate Determinants o
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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There is little difference in the p
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2 percent among women age 30-34 to
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92 | Fertility Preferences Table 7.
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94 | Fertility Preferences 7.3 NEED
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96 | Fertility Preferences an idea
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98 | Fertility Preferences The perc
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with their death, or they may live
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100 80 60 40 20 102 | Infant and Ch
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104 | Infant and Child Mortality Ta
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8.7 HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR Th
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ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 9 The
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9.2 ADULT MORTALITY Table 9.3 Sibsh
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MATERNAL HEALTH 10 Making Pregnancy
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among women in the lowest wealth qu
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A much lower percentage of Timorese
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Table 10.5 Knowledge of danger sign
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10.6.2 Assistance during Delivery O
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Table 10.8 Knowledge of danger sign
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Table 10.10 Application of material
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Table 10.12 Timing of first postnat
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Where health services are present,
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CHILD HEALTH 11 This chapter presen
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In the TLDHS, information on vaccin
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Boys (54 percent) are somewhat more
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Page 171 and 172: 11.6 DIARRHEAL DISEASE Dehydration
Page 173 and 174: Table 11.8 Diarrhea treatment Among
Page 175 and 176: Ten percent of children with diarrh
Page 177: There are marked differences in the
Page 180 and 181: international reference population
Page 182 and 183: 80 Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 150
Page 184 and 185: 60 50 40 30 20 10 152 | Nutrition o
Page 186 and 187: Table 12.2 shows the percentages of
Page 188 and 189: 100 Percent 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
Page 190 and 191: Table 12.5 Foods and liquids consum
Page 192 and 193: Table 12.6 Infant and young child f
Page 194 and 195: Table 12.7 shows the percentage of
Page 196 and 197: the most recent distribution preced
Page 198 and 199: Table 12.10 Nutritional status of w
Page 200 and 201: Table 12.12 shows data on micronutr
Page 202 and 203: 12.12 PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN
Page 205 and 206: MALARIA 13 Malaria remains a leadin
Page 207 and 208: 13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Chil
Page 209 and 210: Tables 13.3 and 13.4 show the perce
Page 211 and 212: The highest prevalence of fever is
Page 213 and 214: HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
Page 215 and 216: percent of women and 61 percent of
Page 217 and 218: person who has AIDS or by sharing c
Page 219: Comprehensive knowledge about AIDS
Page 223 and 224: Table 14.6 Payment for sexual inter
Page 225 and 226: 14.5 MALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumc
Page 227 and 228: In the 2009-10 TLDHS, women and men
Page 229 and 230: 100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 64 Total
Page 231 and 232: 14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom
Page 233 and 234: To assess the extent of condom use
Page 235 and 236: WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPH
Page 237 and 238: Table 15.2.1 Control over women’s
Page 239 and 240: Table 15.2.2 Control over men's cas
Page 241 and 242: Table 15.4.1 Women’s participatio
Page 243 and 244: Table 15.5.1 Women’s participatio
Page 245 and 246: 15.5 ATTITUDES TOWARD WIFE BEATING
Page 247 and 248: Table 15.6.2 Attitude toward wife b
Page 249 and 250: Table 15.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
Page 251 and 252: Women’s empowerment is closely as
Page 253 and 254: Table 15.8 Indicators of women’s
Page 255 and 256: pathways: its negative association
Page 257 and 258: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16 In the words o
Page 259 and 260: partner] hit, slapped, kicked, or d
Page 261 and 262: Table 16.1 Experience of physical v
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Page 267 and 268: Domestic violence is not limited to
Page 269 and 270: Table 16.8 Forms of spousal violenc
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Table 16.9—Continued Emotional vi
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Table 16.10 Spousal violence by hus
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16.14 Physical Violence by Women ag
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16.15 HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF WOME
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16.17 SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES The f
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REFERENCES Acharya, M. 2010. Effort
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Ministry of Health (MOH) [Timor-Les
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World Health Organization (WHO), Wo
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256 | Appendix A during the populat
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A.5 SURVEY RESULTS 258 | Appendix A
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
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Table B.1 List of selected variable
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Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
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Table B.5 Sampling errors for Aileu
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Table B.7 Sampling errors for Bauca
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Table B.9 Sampling errors for Coval
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Table B.11 Sampling errors for Erme
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Table B.13 Sampling errors for Liqu
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Table B.15 Sampling errors for Manu
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Table B.17 Sampling errors for Viqu
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282 | Appendix C Table C.2.1 Age di
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284 | Appendix C Table C.5 Reportin
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286 | Appendix C Table C.7 Nutritio
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2009-10 TIM
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Martinho da Costa Cesaltina Falcao
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QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix E Appendix
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296 | Appendix E Introduction and C
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IF AGE 15 IF AGE 0-17 YEARS IF AGE
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300 | Appendix E HOUSEHOLD CHARACTE
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302 | Appendix E NO. QUESTIONS AND
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306 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND
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308 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AN
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310 | Appendix E
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312 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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314 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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212 316 | Appendix E 213 214 215 21
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326 | Appendix E LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO
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350 | Appendix E LAST SEXUAL PARTNE
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352 | Appendix E SECTION 7. FERTILI
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356 | Appendix E SECTION 8. HUSBAND
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362 | Appendix E SECTION 10. OTHER
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364 | Appendix E SECTION 11. MATERN
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366 | Appendix E SECTION 12. DOMEST
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372 | Appendix E INSTRUCTIONS: 2 04
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374 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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376 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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378 | Appendix E SECTION 3. CONTRAC
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380 | Appendix E 311 Where is that?
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386 | Appendix E SECTION 5. FERTILI
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388 | Appendix E SECTION 6. EMPLOYM
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390 | Appendix E SECTION 7. HIV/AID
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