The 21st Century climate challenge

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4Adapting to the inevitable:national action andinternational cooperation
“If you are neutral in a situationof injustice, you have chosen theside of the oppressor.”Archbishop Desmond Tutu4Adapting to the inevitable: national action and international cooperation“An injustice committed againstanyone is a threat to everyone.”Montesquieu
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Copyright © 2007by the United Nati
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ForewordWhat we do today about clim
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AcknowledgementsThis Report could n
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Jean-Robert Moret, Koos Neefjes, Ii
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From climate shocks today to depriv
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Figures1.1 Rising CO 2emissions are
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… while preserving it for future
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Climate change providesa potent rem
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The real choice facingpolitical lea
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The world’s poor andfuture genera
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Current investment patternsare putt
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Avoiding the unprecedentedthreats p
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The rapid development anddeployment
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Support for the MDGsprovides anothe
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For the current generation,the chal
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• Create a Climate Change Mitigat
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“One generation plants a tree; th
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1The 21 st Century climate challeng
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1Special contributionClimate policy
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1 The 21 st Century climate challen
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1Box 1.3Developed countries have fa
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Climate shocks:risk and vulnerabili
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CHAPTER2Climateshocks: risk andvuln
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in order to cast a light on future
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Box 2.1Under-reporting climate disa
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Box 2.2The global insurance industr
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Box 2.3Hurricane Katrina—the soci
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human rights of the Inuit. The aim
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have been at least 14% lower (table
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intensify these pressures. In Ethio
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unable to build productive assets,
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Climate modelling exercises point t
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Box 2.7Climate change in Malawi—m
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prominently in low human developmen
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Box 2.8Climate change and China’s
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Box 2.9Melting glaciers and retreat
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enign climate change scenarios poin
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Alaska to Siberia has increased by
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donors to invest in rehabilitation.
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more likely. Evidence from the past
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“We shall require a substantially
Page 127 and 128: 3Avoiding dangerous climate change:
Page 129 and 130: Table 3.1Emission reduction targets
Page 131 and 132: Box 3.1Leadership by example in car
Page 135 and 136: Box 3.2Targets and outcomes diverge
Page 137 and 138: Box 3.3The United Kingdom's climate
Page 139 and 140: Box 3.5Reducing carbon intensity in
Page 151 and 152: Box 3.7Renewable energy in Germany
Page 159 and 160: Box 3.9Palm oil and biofuel develop
Page 167 and 168: Box 3.11Decarbonizing growth in Ind
Page 180 and 181: CHAPTER4Adapting to the inevitable:
Page 182 and 183: Mitigation is one part of a twin st
Page 184 and 185: structures for adaptation planning.
Page 186 and 187: national climate change projections
Page 188 and 189: Adjusted for country context, these
Page 190 and 191: training and support, to 11 regiona
Page 192 and 193: must take into account the impact o
Page 194 and 195: Act guarantees 100 days of employme
Page 196 and 197: • In Kenya, drought in pastoral a
Page 198 and 199: Box 4.5Risk insurance and adaptatio
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Page 204 and 205: vulnerable ecosystems. Actual spend
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Page 208 and 209: countries. 71 The figures are based
Page 210 and 211: adaptation will require a high leve
Page 212 and 213: national and subnational programmes
Page 214 and 215: NotesChapter 11 Diamond 2005.2 Kenn
Page 216 and 217: oceans, which cover 70 percent of t
Page 218 and 219: 69 Gurría and Manning 2007.70 OCHA
Page 220 and 221: Canales Davila, Caridad and Alberto
Page 222 and 223: ———. 2006a. “Building a Glo
Page 224 and 225: EPA (Environment Protection Agency)
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Landau, J.P. 2004. “Rapport à Mo
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Regional Hunger and Vulnerability P
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UNDP (United Nations Development Pr
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Readers guide and notes to tablesHu
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sification, which refers only to th
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Note to Table 1: about this year’
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ences in national price levels. The
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TABLE1Monitoringhuman development:
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TABLE1HDI rank aHumandevelopmentind
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TABLE1aMonitoring human development
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TABLE2HDI rank 1975 1980 1985 1990
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TABLE2HDI rank 1975 1980 1985 1990
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TABLE3HDI rankHuman povertyindex (H
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TABLE4Monitoring human development:
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TABLE5.. . to lead a long and healt
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TABLE5HDI rankTotal population(mill
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TABLE6HDI rankPublic(% of GDP)Healt
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TABLE7. . . to lead a long and heal
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TABLE7HDI rankMDGPopulation usingim
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TABLE9HDI rankHIVprevalence a(% age
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TABLE10.. . to lead a long and heal
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TABLE10HDI rankLife expectancy at b
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TABLE11. . . to acquire knowledge .
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TABLE11Public expenditure on educat
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TABLE12.. . to acquire knowledge .
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TABLE12HDI rankAdult literacy rate(
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TABLE13. . . to acquire knowledge .
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TABLE13HDI rankMDGTelephone mainlin
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TABLE14.. . to have access to the r
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TABLE14HDI rankUS$ billions2005GDPG
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TABLE15HDI rankSurvey yearMDGShare
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TABLE16HDI rankImports of goodsand
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TABLE18HDI rankOfficial development
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TABLE18HDI rankOfficial development
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TABLE19HDI rankPublicexpenditureon
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TABLE19Publicexpenditureon health(%
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TABLE21Unemployedpeople(thousands)E
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TABLE22HDI rankElectricity consumpt
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TABLE22Electricity consumptionper c
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TABLE23Share of TPES aFossil fuels
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TABLE23Share of TPES aFossil fuels
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TABLE24HDI rankTotal(Mt CO 2)Annual
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TABLE24Total(Mt CO 2)Annualchange(%
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TABLE25HDI rankCartagenaProtocol on
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TABLE25HDI rankCartagenaProtocol on
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TABLE26HDI rankInternallydisplacedp
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TABLE26Conventional arms transfers
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TABLE27HDI rank2000-04 c 2007 d 200
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TABLE27HDI rank2000-04 c 2007 d 200
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TABLE28HDI rankGender-relateddevelo
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TABLE28Gender-relateddevelopmentind
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TABLE29HDI rankGender empowerment m
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TABLE29MDG Female legislators, Fema
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TABLE30HDI rankAdult literacy aFema
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TABLE30Adult literacy aMDGYouth lit
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TABLE31HDI rankFemale economic acti
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TABLE31HDI rankFemale economic acti
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TABLE33.. . and achieving equality
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TABLE33Year women received right aY
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TABLE34Humanand labour rights instr
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TABLE34HDI rankInternationalConvent
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TABLE35Humanand labour rights instr
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TABLE35HDI rankFreedom of associati
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TECHNICAL NOTE 1Calculating the hum
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008
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Calculating the GDI (continued)Seco
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Selected readingsAnand, Sudhir, and
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under the age of five countries tha
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Earned income (PPP US$), estimated
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individual or household. The Gini i
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problems of under reporting and mis
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Unemployment Refers to all people a
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Statec. 2006. Correspondence on gro
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Countries in the income aggregatesH
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Developing countries in the regiona
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Indicator table Indicator Indicator
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Indicator table Indicator Indicator
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Index to Millennium Development Goa
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The 21st Century climate challenge

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