The 21st Century climate challenge

TABLE7 Water, sanitation and nutritional statusHDI rankMDGPopulation usingimproved sanitation(%)MDGPopulation using animproved water source(%)MDGPopulation undernourished(% of total population)MDGChildrenunder weightfor age(% of childrenunder age 5)Childrenunder heightfor age(% of childrenunder age 5)Infantswith lowbirthweight(%)1990 2004 1990 2004 1990/92 a 2002/04 a 1996–2005 b 1996–2005 b 1998–2005 b160 Guinea 14 18 44 50 39 24 26 39 16161 Rwanda 37 42 59 74 43 33 23 48 9162 Angola 29 31 36 53 58 35 31 51 12163 Benin 12 33 63 67 20 12 23 39 16164 Malawi 47 61 40 73 50 35 22 53 16165 Zambia 44 55 50 58 48 46 20 53 12166 Côte d’Ivoire 21 37 69 84 18 13 17 32 17167 Burundi 44 36 69 79 48 66 45 63 16168 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 16 30 43 46 31 74 31 44 12169 Ethiopia 3 13 23 22 69 d 46 38 51 15170 Chad 7 9 19 42 58 35 37 45 22171 Central African Republic 23 27 52 75 50 44 24 45 14172 Mozambique 20 32 36 43 66 44 24 47 15173 Mali 36 46 34 50 29 29 33 43 23174 Niger 7 13 39 46 41 32 40 54 13175 Guinea-Bissau .. 35 .. 59 24 39 25 36 22176 Burkina Faso 7 13 38 61 21 15 38 43 19177 Sierra Leone .. 39 .. 57 46 51 27 38 23Developing countries 33 49 71 79 21 17 .. .. ..Least developed countries 22 37 51 59 38 35 .. .. ..Arab States 61 71 84 86 .. .. .. .. ..East Asia and the Pacifi c 30 50 72 79 17 12 .. .. ..Latin America and the Caribbean 67 77 83 91 14 10 .. .. ..South Asia 18 37 72 85 25 21 .. .. ..Sub-Saharan Africa 32 37 48 55 36 32 .. .. ..Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS .. .. 93 94 .. .. .. .. ..OECD 94 96 97 99 .. .. .. .. ..High-income OECD 100 100 100 100 .. .. .. .. ..High human development 90 92 96 98 .. .. .. .. ..Medium human development 30 48 73 82 20 16 .. .. ..Low human development 26 34 43 49 36 34 .. .. ..High income .. .. 100 100 .. .. .. .. ..Middle income 46 61 78 84 14 11 .. .. ..Low income 21 38 64 76 28 24 .. .. ..World 49 g 59 g 78 g 83 g 20 17 .. .. ..Human development indicatorsNOTESa. Data refer to the average for the years specifi ed.b. Data refer to the most recent year available duringthe period specifi ed.c. Data refer to a year or period other than thatspecifi ed, differ from the standard defi nition orrefer to only part of a country.d. Data refer to the period 1993/95.e. UNICEF 2005.f. Data for China include Hong Kong SAR, MacaoSAR and Taiwan Province.g. Data are aggregates provided by originaldata source.SOURCESColumns 1–4: UN 2006a, based on a joint effort byUNICEF and WHO.Columns 5 and 6: FAO 2007a.Columns 7 and 9: UNICEF 2006.Column 8: WHO 2007a.254 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008