The 21st Century climate challenge

HDI rankImports of goodsand services(% of GDP)Exports of goodsand services(% of GDP)Primary exports a(% of merchandiseexports)Manufactured exports(% of merchandiseexports)High-technologyexports(% of manufacturedexports)Terms oftrade(2000=100) b1990 2005 1990 2005 1990 2005 1990 2005 1990 2005 2004–05 cHuman development indicatorsTABLE16 Structure of trade160 Guinea 31 30 31 26 .. 75 d .. 25 d .. (.) d 106161 Rwanda 14 31 6 11 .. 90 d .. 10 d .. 25.4 d 89162 Angola 21 48 39 74 100 .. (.) .. .. .. 121163 Benin 26 26 14 13 87 f 87 13 f 13 .. 0.3 93164 Malawi 33 53 24 27 93 84 7 16 3.8 7.5 82165 Zambia 37 25 36 16 .. 91 .. 9 .. 1.1 119166 Côte d’Ivoire 27 42 32 50 .. 78 d .. 20 d .. 8.4 d 121167 Burundi 28 36 8 8 .. 94 .. 6 .. 5.9 d 84168 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 29 39 30 32 .. .. .. .. .. .. 94169 Ethiopia 9 39 6 16 .. 89 d .. 11 d .. 0.2 d 91170 Chad 28 39 13 59 .. .. .. .. .. .. 101171 Central African Republic 28 17 d 15 12 d 56 f 59 44 f 36 .. (.) 99172 Mozambique 36 42 8 33 .. 89 .. 7 .. 7.5 94173 Mali 34 37 17 26 98 g 44 d 2 55 d .. 6.6 d 113 d174 Niger 22 24 15 15 .. 91 d .. 8 d .. 3.2 d 131175 Guinea-Bissau 37 55 10 38 .. .. .. .. .. .. 94176 Burkina Faso 24 22 11 9 .. 92 d .. 8 d .. 9.8 d 97177 Sierra Leone 24 43 22 24 .. 93 d .. 7 d .. 31.1 d 78Developing countries 24 40 25 44 40 28 59 71 10.4 f 28.3 ..Least developed countries 22 34 13 24 .. .. 31 f .. .. .. ..Arab States 38 38 38 54 87 f .. 14 f .. 1.2 f 2.0 d ..East Asia and the Pacifi c 32 59 34 66 25 13 73 86 15.3 f 36.4 ..Latin America and the Caribbean 15 23 17 26 63 46 36 54 6.6 14.5 ..South Asia 13 25 10 23 28 47 71 51 2.0 f 3.8 d ..Sub-Saharan Africa 26 35 27 33 .. 66 d .. 34 d .. 4.0 d ..Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS 28 43 29 45 .. 36 .. 54 .. 8.3 ..OECD 18 23 d 17 22 d 21 18 77 79 18.1 18.2 ..High-income OECD 18 22 d 17 21 d 19 17 79 79 18.5 18.8 ..High human development 19 25 d 19 25 d 24 20 74 76 18.1 20.3 ..Medium human development 21 34 20 35 42 30 55 69 7.2 f 24.3 ..Low human development 28 36 28 38 98 f 93 d 1 f 7 d .. 3.1 d ..High income 19 24 18 24 d 21 18 77 78 18.3 20.9 ..Middle income 21 33 22 36 48 33 50 65 .. 21.5 ..Low income 16 29 13 25 50 f 49 d 49 f 50 d .. 3.8 d ..World 19 26 19 26 d 26 21 72 75 17.5 21.0 ..NOTESa. Primary exports include exports of agricultural rawmaterials, food, fuels, ores and metals as defi nedin the Standard International Trade Classifi cation.b. The ratio of the export price index to the importprice index measured relative to the base year2000. A value of more than 100 means that theprice of exports has risen relative to the price ofimports.c. Data refer to the most recent year available duringthe period specifi ed, unless otherwise noted.d. Data refer to an earlier year than that specifi ed;from 2000 onwards.e. Data before 1999 include Luxembourg.f. Data refer to the closest available year between1988 and 1992.g. One or more of the components of primary exportsare missing.h. Data refer to the South African Customs Union,which includes Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia,South Africa, and Swaziland.i Included in data for South Africa.SOURCESColumns 1–4 and 7–10: World Bank 2007b, basedon data from UNCTAD; aggregates calculated forHDRO by the World Bank.Columns 5 and 6: calculated on the basis of exportdata on agricultural raw materials, food, fuels, oresand metals and total merchandise from World Bank2007b, based on data from UNCTAD; aggregatescalculated for HDRO by the World Bank.Column 11: World Bank 2007b.288 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008