The 21st Century climate challenge

TABLE13HDI rankMDGTelephone mainlines a(per 1,000 people)MDGCellular subscribers a(per 1,000 people)MDGInternet users(per 1,000 people)Patentsgranted toresidents(per millionpeople)Receiptsof royaltiesand licencefees(US$ perperson)Researchanddevelopment(R&D)expenditures(% of GDP)Researchersin R&D(per millionpeople)1990 2005 1990 2005 1990 2005 2000–05 b 2005 2000–05 b 1990–2005 b107 Indonesia 6 58 (.) 213 0 73 .. 1.2 0.1 207108 Syrian Arab Republic 39 152 0 155 0 58 2 .. .. 29109 Turkmenistan 60 80 d 0 11 c 0 8 c .. .. .. ..110 Nicaragua 12 43 0 217 0 27 1 0.0 0.0 73111 Moldova 106 221 0 259 0 96 c 67 0.4 0.8 e ..112 Egypt 29 140 (.) 184 0 68 1 1.9 0.2 493113 Uzbekistan 68 67 d 0 28 0 34 c 10 .. .. 1,754114 Mongolia 32 61 0 218 0 105 44 .. 0.3 ..115 Honduras 18 69 0 178 0 36 1 0.0 0.0 ..116 Kyrgyzstan 71 85 0 105 0 54 17 0.4 0.2 ..117 Bolivia 27 70 0 264 0 52 .. 0.2 0.3 120118 Guatemala 21 99 (.) 358 0 79 (.) (.) c .. ..119 Gabon 22 28 0 470 0 48 .. .. .. ..120 Vanuatu 17 33 c (.) 60 0 38 .. .. .. ..121 South Africa 94 101 (.) 724 0 109 .. 0.9 0.8 307122 Tajikistan 45 39 d 0 41 0 1 c 2 0.2 .. 660123 Sao Tome and Principe 19 46 c 0 77 0 131 c .. .. .. ..124 Botswana 18 75 0 466 0 34 .. 0.3 .. ..125 Namibia 38 64 c 0 244 0 37 c .. 0.0 d .. ..126 Morocco 17 44 (.) 411 0 152 1 0.4 0.6 ..127 Equatorial Guinea 4 20 0 192 0 14 .. .. .. ..128 India 6 45 0 82 0 55 1 (.) d 0.8 119129 Solomon Islands 15 16 0 13 0 8 .. .. .. ..130 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 2 13 0 108 0 4 .. .. .. ..131 Cambodia (.) 3 d 0 75 0 3 c .. (.) .. ..132 Myanmar 2 9 0 4 0 2 .. 0.0 d 0.1 17133 Bhutan 3 51 0 59 0 39 .. .. .. ..134 Comoros 8 28 0 27 0 33 .. .. .. ..135 Ghana 3 15 0 129 0 18 .. 0.0 .. ..136 Pakistan 8 34 (.) 82 0 67 0 0.1 0.2 75137 Mauritania 3 13 0 243 0 7 .. .. .. ..138 Lesotho 8 27 0 137 0 24 c .. 9.1 0.0 ..139 Congo 6 4 c 0 123 0 13 .. .. .. 30140 Bangladesh 2 8 0 63 0 3 .. (.) 0.6 51141 Swaziland 18 31 0 177 0 32 c .. (.) .. ..142 Nepal 3 17 0 9 0 4 .. .. 0.7 59143 Madagascar 3 4 0 27 0 5 (.) (.) 0.1 15144 Cameroon 3 6 c 0 138 0 15 .. (.) d .. ..145 Papua New Guinea 7 11 c 0 4 0 23 .. .. .. ..146 Haiti 7 17 c 0 48 c 0 70 .. 0.0 .. ..147 Sudan 2 18 0 50 0 77 .. 0.0 0.3 ..148 Kenya 7 8 0 135 0 32 .. 0.5 .. ..149 Djibouti 10 14 0 56 0 13 .. .. .. ..150 Timor-Leste .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..151 Zimbabwe 12 25 0 54 0 77 0 .. .. ..152 Togo 3 10 0 72 0 49 .. 0.0 c .. 102153 Yemen 10 39 c 0 95 0 9 c .. .. .. ..154 Uganda 2 3 0 53 0 17 .. 0.3 0.8 ..155 Gambia 7 29 0 163 0 33 c .. .. .. ..LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT156 Senegal 6 23 0 148 0 46 .. 0.0 c .. ..157 Eritrea .. 9 0 9 0 16 .. .. .. ..158 Nigeria 3 9 0 141 0 38 .. .. .. ..159 Tanzania (United Republic of) 3 4 c 0 52 c 0 9 c .. 0.0 .. ..Human development indicatorsHUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008 275