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ForewordWhat we do today about clim
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AcknowledgementsThis Report could n
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Jean-Robert Moret, Koos Neefjes, Ii
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From climate shocks today to depriv
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Figures1.1 Rising CO 2emissions are
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Climate change providesa potent rem
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The real choice facingpolitical lea
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The world’s poor andfuture genera
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Current investment patternsare putt
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Avoiding the unprecedentedthreats p
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Support for the MDGsprovides anothe
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“One generation plants a tree; th
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Climate shocks:risk and vulnerabili
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CHAPTER2Climateshocks: risk andvuln
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in order to cast a light on future
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Box 2.1Under-reporting climate disa
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Box 2.2The global insurance industr
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Box 2.3Hurricane Katrina—the soci
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human rights of the Inuit. The aim
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have been at least 14% lower (table
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intensify these pressures. In Ethio
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unable to build productive assets,
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Climate modelling exercises point t
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Box 2.7Climate change in Malawi—m
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prominently in low human developmen
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Box 2.8Climate change and China’s
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Box 2.9Melting glaciers and retreat
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enign climate change scenarios poin
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Alaska to Siberia has increased by
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donors to invest in rehabilitation.
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more likely. Evidence from the past
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“We shall require a substantially
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3Avoiding dangerous climate change:
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Table 3.1Emission reduction targets
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Box 3.1Leadership by example in car
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Box 3.2Targets and outcomes diverge
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Box 3.3The United Kingdom's climate
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Box 3.5Reducing carbon intensity in
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3Avoiding dangerous climate change:
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3Avoiding dangerous climate change:
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Box 3.7Renewable energy in Germany
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Box 3.9Palm oil and biofuel develop
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3Avoiding dangerous climate change:
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3Avoiding dangerous climate change:
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Box 3.11Decarbonizing growth in Ind
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3Avoiding dangerous climate change:
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3Avoiding dangerous climate change:
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4Adapting to the inevitable:nationa
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TABLE11. . . to acquire knowledge .
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TABLE11Public expenditure on educat
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TABLE12.. . to acquire knowledge .
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TABLE12HDI rankAdult literacy rate(
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TABLE13. . . to acquire knowledge .
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TABLE13HDI rankMDGTelephone mainlin
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TABLE14.. . to have access to the r
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TABLE14HDI rankUS$ billions2005GDPG
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TABLE15.. . to have access to the r
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TABLE15HDI rankSurvey yearMDGShare
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TABLE16.. . to have access to the r
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TABLE16HDI rankImports of goodsand
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TABLE17.. . to have access to the r
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TABLE18HDI rankOfficial development
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TABLE18HDI rankOfficial development
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TABLE19HDI rankPublicexpenditureon
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TABLE19Publicexpenditureon health(%
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TABLE21.. . to have access to the r
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TABLE21Unemployedpeople(thousands)E
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TABLE22HDI rankElectricity consumpt
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TABLE22Electricity consumptionper c
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TABLE23Share of TPES aFossil fuels
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TABLE23Share of TPES aFossil fuels
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TABLE24HDI rankTotal(Mt CO 2)Annual
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TABLE24Total(Mt CO 2)Annualchange(%
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TABLE25HDI rankCartagenaProtocol on
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TABLE25HDI rankCartagenaProtocol on
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TABLE26HDI rankInternallydisplacedp
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TABLE26Conventional arms transfers
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TABLE27HDI rank2000-04 c 2007 d 200
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TABLE27HDI rank2000-04 c 2007 d 200
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TABLE28HDI rankGender-relateddevelo
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TABLE28Gender-relateddevelopmentind
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TABLE29HDI rankGender empowerment m
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TABLE29MDG Female legislators, Fema
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TABLE30HDI rankAdult literacy aFema
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TABLE30Adult literacy aMDGYouth lit
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TABLE31HDI rankFemale economic acti
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TABLE31HDI rankFemale economic acti
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TABLE33.. . and achieving equality
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TABLE33Year women received right aY
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TABLE34Humanand labour rights instr
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TABLE34HDI rankInternationalConvent
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TABLE35Humanand labour rights instr
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TABLE35HDI rankFreedom of associati
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TECHNICAL NOTE 1Calculating the hum
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008
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Calculating the GDI (continued)Seco
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Selected readingsAnand, Sudhir, and
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under the age of five countries tha
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Earned income (PPP US$), estimated
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individual or household. The Gini i
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problems of under reporting and mis
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Unemployment Refers to all people a
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Statec. 2006. Correspondence on gro
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Countries in the income aggregatesH
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Developing countries in the regiona
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Indicator table Indicator Indicator
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Indicator table Indicator Indicator
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Index to Millennium Development Goa