The 21st Century climate challenge

TABLE19Publicexpenditureon health(% of GDP)Public expenditureon education(% of GDP)Militaryexpenditure a(% of GDP)Totaldebt service b(% of GDP)HDI rank2004 1991 2002–05 c 1990 2005 1990 2005160 Guinea 0.7 2.0 2.0 2.4 g 2.0 e 6.0 4.9161 Rwanda 4.3 .. 3.8 3.7 2.9 0.8 1.1162 Angola 1.5 .. 2.6 d,e 2.7 5.7 3.2 6.8163 Benin 2.5 .. 3.5 d .. .. 2.1 1.6164 Malawi 9.6 3.2 5.8 1.3 0.7 e 7.1 4.6165 Zambia 3.4 2.8 2.0 3.7 2.3 e 6.1 3.3166 Côte d’Ivoire 0.9 .. 4.6 d,e 1.3 1.5 e 11.7 2.8167 Burundi 0.8 3.5 5.1 3.4 6.2 3.7 4.9168 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 1.1 .. .. .. 2.4 3.7 3.0169 Ethiopia 2.7 2.4 6.1 j 8.5 2.6 2.0 0.8170 Chad 1.5 1.6 2.1 .. 1.0 0.7 1.1171 Central African Republic 1.5 2.2 .. 1.6 g 1.1 2.0 0.4172 Mozambique 2.7 .. 3.7 5.9 0.9 3.2 1.4173 Mali 3.2 .. 4.3 2.1 2.3 2.8 1.7174 Niger 2.2 3.3 2.3 .. 1.2 e 4.0 1.1175 Guinea-Bissau 1.3 .. 5.2 e .. 4.0 3.5 10.8176 Burkina Faso 3.3 2.6 4.7 2.7 1.3 1.1 0.9177 Sierra Leone 1.9 .. 3.8 d 1.4 1.0 3.3 2.1NOTESa. Because of limitations in the data, comparisonsacross countries should be made with caution.For detailed notes on the data see SIPRI 2007c.b. For aggregates, see Table 18.c. Data refer to the most recent year available duringthe period specifi ed.d. National or UNESCO Institute for Statisticsestimate.e. Data refer to an earlier year than that specifi ed;from 1999 onwards.f. Data refer to the Federal Republic of Germanybefore reunifi cation.g. Data refer to the closest available year between1991 and 1992.h. Data refer to 2005.i. Data differ from the standard defi nition or refer toonly part of a country.j. Data refer to 2006.SOURCESColumn 1: World Bank 2007b.Columns 2 and 3: UNESCO Institute for Statistics2007b.Column 4: SIPRI 2007b.Column 5: SIPRI 2007c.Columns 6 and 7: calculated on the basis of data ondebt service and GDP data from World Bank 2007b.Human development indicatorsHUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008 297