The 21st Century climate challenge

MDGInequality measuresShare of income or expenditureRichest 10% Richest 20%(%)to poorest to poorestHDI rankSurvey year Poorest 10% Poorest 20% Richest 20% Richest 10% 10% a 20% a Gini index b160 Guinea 2003 d 2.9 7.0 46.1 30.7 10.5 6.6 38.6161 Rwanda 2000 d 2.1 5.3 53.0 38.2 18.6 9.9 46.8162 Angola .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..163 Benin 2003 d 3.1 7.4 44.5 29.0 9.4 6.0 36.5164 Malawi 2004-05 d 2.9 7.0 46.6 31.8 10.9 6.7 39.0165 Zambia 2004 d 1.2 3.6 55.1 38.8 32.3 15.3 50.8166 Côte d’Ivoire 2002 d 2.0 5.2 50.7 34.0 16.6 9.7 44.6167 Burundi 1998 d 1.7 5.1 48.0 32.8 19.3 9.5 42.4168 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..169 Ethiopia 1999-00 d 3.9 9.1 39.4 25.5 6.6 4.3 30.0170 Chad .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..171 Central African Republic 1993 d 0.7 2.0 65.0 47.7 69.2 32.7 61.3172 Mozambique 2002-03 d 2.1 5.4 53.6 39.4 18.8 9.9 47.3173 Mali 2001 d 2.4 6.1 46.6 30.2 12.5 7.6 40.1174 Niger 1995 d 0.8 2.6 53.3 35.4 46.0 20.7 50.5175 Guinea-Bissau 1993 d 2.1 5.2 53.4 39.3 19.0 10.3 47.0176 Burkina Faso 2003 d 2.8 6.9 47.2 32.2 11.6 6.9 39.5177 Sierra Leone 1989 d 0.5 1.1 63.4 43.6 87.2 57.6 62.9Human development indicatorsTABLE15 Inequality in income or expenditureNOTESBecause the underlying household surveys differin method and in the type of data collected, thedistribution data are not strictly comparableacross countries.a. Data show the ratio of the income or expenditureshare of the richest group to that of the poorest.Because of rounding, results may differ fromratios calculated using the income or expenditureshares in columns 2-5.b. A value of 0 represents absolute equality, and avalue of 100 absolute inequality.c. Data refer to income shares by percentiles ofpopulation, ranked by per capita income.d. Data refer to expenditure shares by percentiles ofpopulation, ranked by per capita expenditure.e. Data refer to urban areas only.SOURCESColumns 1–5 and 8: World Bank 2007b.Columns 6 and 7: calculated based on data onincome or expenditure from World Bank 2007b.284 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008