The 21st Century climate challenge

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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008 357
358 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008Calculating the GDI continues on next page
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Copyright © 2007by the United Nati
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ForewordWhat we do today about clim
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AcknowledgementsThis Report could n
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Jean-Robert Moret, Koos Neefjes, Ii
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From climate shocks today to depriv
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Figures1.1 Rising CO 2emissions are
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… while preserving it for future
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Climate change providesa potent rem
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The real choice facingpolitical lea
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The world’s poor andfuture genera
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Current investment patternsare putt
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Avoiding the unprecedentedthreats p
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The rapid development anddeployment
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Support for the MDGsprovides anothe
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For the current generation,the chal
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• Create a Climate Change Mitigat
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“One generation plants a tree; th
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1The 21 st Century climate challeng
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1Special contributionClimate policy
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1 The 21 st Century climate challen
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1Box 1.3Developed countries have fa
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Climate shocks:risk and vulnerabili
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CHAPTER2Climateshocks: risk andvuln
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in order to cast a light on future
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Box 2.1Under-reporting climate disa
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Box 2.2The global insurance industr
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Box 2.3Hurricane Katrina—the soci
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human rights of the Inuit. The aim
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have been at least 14% lower (table
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intensify these pressures. In Ethio
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unable to build productive assets,
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Climate modelling exercises point t
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Box 2.7Climate change in Malawi—m
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prominently in low human developmen
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Box 2.8Climate change and China’s
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Box 2.9Melting glaciers and retreat
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enign climate change scenarios poin
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Alaska to Siberia has increased by
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donors to invest in rehabilitation.
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more likely. Evidence from the past
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“We shall require a substantially
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3Avoiding dangerous climate change:
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Table 3.1Emission reduction targets
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Box 3.1Leadership by example in car
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Box 3.2Targets and outcomes diverge
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Box 3.3The United Kingdom's climate
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Box 3.5Reducing carbon intensity in
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Box 3.7Renewable energy in Germany
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Box 3.9Palm oil and biofuel develop
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Box 3.11Decarbonizing growth in Ind
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4Adapting to the inevitable:nationa
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CHAPTER4Adapting to the inevitable:
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Mitigation is one part of a twin st
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structures for adaptation planning.
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national climate change projections
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Adjusted for country context, these
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training and support, to 11 regiona
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must take into account the impact o
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Act guarantees 100 days of employme
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• In Kenya, drought in pastoral a
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Box 4.5Risk insurance and adaptatio
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oad umbrella, rich countries are re
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0.7 percent of Gross National Incom
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vulnerable ecosystems. Actual spend
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ange for that risk extends from a n
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countries. 71 The figures are based
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adaptation will require a high leve
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national and subnational programmes
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NotesChapter 11 Diamond 2005.2 Kenn
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oceans, which cover 70 percent of t
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69 Gurría and Manning 2007.70 OCHA
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Canales Davila, Caridad and Alberto
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———. 2006a. “Building a Glo
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EPA (Environment Protection Agency)
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OECD Development Assistance Committ
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Landau, J.P. 2004. “Rapport à Mo
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Regional Hunger and Vulnerability P
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UNDP (United Nations Development Pr
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Readers guide and notes to tablesHu
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sification, which refers only to th
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Note to Table 1: about this year’
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ences in national price levels. The
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TABLE1Monitoringhuman development:
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TABLE1HDI rank aHumandevelopmentind
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TABLE1aMonitoring human development
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TABLE2HDI rank 1975 1980 1985 1990
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TABLE2HDI rank 1975 1980 1985 1990
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TABLE3HDI rankHuman povertyindex (H
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TABLE4Monitoring human development:
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TABLE5.. . to lead a long and healt
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TABLE5HDI rankTotal population(mill
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TABLE6HDI rankPublic(% of GDP)Healt
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TABLE7. . . to lead a long and heal
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TABLE7HDI rankMDGPopulation usingim
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TABLE9HDI rankHIVprevalence a(% age
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TABLE10.. . to lead a long and heal
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TABLE10HDI rankLife expectancy at b
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TABLE11. . . to acquire knowledge .
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TABLE11Public expenditure on educat
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TABLE12.. . to acquire knowledge .
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TABLE12HDI rankAdult literacy rate(
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TABLE13. . . to acquire knowledge .
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TABLE13HDI rankMDGTelephone mainlin
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TABLE14.. . to have access to the r
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TABLE14HDI rankUS$ billions2005GDPG
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TABLE15HDI rankSurvey yearMDGShare
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TABLE16HDI rankImports of goodsand
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TABLE18HDI rankOfficial development
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TABLE18HDI rankOfficial development
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TABLE19HDI rankPublicexpenditureon
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TABLE19Publicexpenditureon health(%
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TABLE21Unemployedpeople(thousands)E
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TABLE22HDI rankElectricity consumpt
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TABLE22Electricity consumptionper c
Page 322 and 323: TABLE23Share of TPES aFossil fuels
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Page 326 and 327: TABLE24HDI rankTotal(Mt CO 2)Annual
Page 328 and 329: TABLE24Total(Mt CO 2)Annualchange(%
Page 330 and 331: TABLE25HDI rankCartagenaProtocol on
Page 332 and 333: TABLE25HDI rankCartagenaProtocol on
Page 334 and 335: TABLE26HDI rankInternallydisplacedp
Page 336 and 337: TABLE26Conventional arms transfers
Page 338 and 339: TABLE27HDI rank2000-04 c 2007 d 200
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Page 342 and 343: TABLE28HDI rankGender-relateddevelo
Page 344 and 345: TABLE28Gender-relateddevelopmentind
Page 346 and 347: TABLE29HDI rankGender empowerment m
Page 348 and 349: TABLE29MDG Female legislators, Fema
Page 350 and 351: TABLE30HDI rankAdult literacy aFema
Page 352 and 353: TABLE30Adult literacy aMDGYouth lit
Page 354 and 355: TABLE31HDI rankFemale economic acti
Page 356 and 357: TABLE31HDI rankFemale economic acti
Page 358 and 359: TABLE33.. . and achieving equality
Page 360 and 361: TABLE33Year women received right aY
Page 362 and 363: TABLE34Humanand labour rights instr
Page 364 and 365: TABLE34HDI rankInternationalConvent
Page 366 and 367: TABLE35Humanand labour rights instr
Page 368 and 369: TABLE35HDI rankFreedom of associati
Page 370 and 371: TECHNICAL NOTE 1Calculating the hum
Page 374 and 375: Calculating the GDI (continued)Seco
Page 376 and 377: Selected readingsAnand, Sudhir, and
Page 378 and 379: under the age of five countries tha
Page 380 and 381: Earned income (PPP US$), estimated
Page 382 and 383: individual or household. The Gini i
Page 384 and 385: problems of under reporting and mis
Page 386 and 387: Unemployment Refers to all people a
Page 388 and 389: Statec. 2006. Correspondence on gro
Page 390 and 391: Countries in the income aggregatesH
Page 392 and 393: Developing countries in the regiona
Page 394 and 395: Indicator table Indicator Indicator
Page 396 and 397: Indicator table Indicator Indicator
Page 398 and 399: Index to Millennium Development Goa
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The 21st Century climate challenge

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