The 21st Century climate challenge

TABLE25HDI rankCartagenaProtocol onBiosafetyFrameworkConventionon ClimateChangeKyoto Protocolto theFrameworkConventionon ClimateChangeConventionon BiologicalDiversityViennaConventionfor theProtectionof the OzoneLayerMontrealProtocol onSubstancesthat depletethe OzoneLayerStockholmConventionon PersistentOrganicPollutantsConventionof the Lawof the SeaConventionto CombatDesertification2000 1992 1997 1992 1988 1989 2001 1982 1994160 Guinea 2000 1993 2000 1993 1992 1992 2001 1985 1997161 Rwanda 2004 1998 2004 1996 2001 2001 2002 1982 1998162 Angola .. 2000 2007 1998 2000 2000 2006 1990 1997163 Benin 2005 1994 2002 1994 1993 1993 2004 1997 1996164 Malawi 2000 1994 2001 1994 1991 1991 2002 1984 1996165 Zambia 2004 1993 2006 1993 1990 1990 2006 1983 1996166 Côte d’Ivoire .. 1994 2007 1994 1993 1993 2004 1984 1997167 Burundi .. 1997 2001 1997 1997 1997 2005 1982 1997168 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 2005 1995 2005 1994 1994 1994 2005 1989 1997169 Ethiopia 2003 1994 2005 1994 1994 1994 2003 1982 1997170 Chad 2006 1994 .. 1994 1989 1994 2004 1982 1996171 Central African Republic 2000 1995 .. 1995 1993 1993 2002 1984 1996172 Mozambique 2002 1995 2005 1995 1994 1994 2005 1997 1997173 Mali 2002 1994 2002 1995 1994 1994 2003 1985 1995174 Niger 2004 1995 2004 1995 1992 1992 2006 1982 1996175 Guinea-Bissau .. 1995 2005 1995 2002 2002 2002 1986 1995176 Burkina Faso 2003 1993 2005 1993 1989 1989 2004 2005 1996177 Sierra Leone .. 1995 2006 1994 2001 2001 2003 1994 1997Others aAfghanistan .. 2002 .. 2002 2004 2004 .. 1983 1995Andorra .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2002Cook Islands 2001 1993 2001 1993 2003 2003 2004 1995 1998Iraq .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1985 ..Kiribati 2004 1995 2000 1994 1993 1993 2004 2003 1998Korea (Democratic People’s Rep. of) 2003 1994 2005 1994 1995 1995 2002 1982 2003Liberia 2002 2002 2002 2000 1996 1996 2002 1982 1998Liechtenstein .. 1994 2004 1997 1989 1989 2004 1984 1999Marshall Islands 2003 1992 2003 1992 1993 1993 2003 1991 1998Micronesia (Federated States of) .. 1993 1999 1994 1994 1995 2005 1991 1996Monaco 2000 1992 2006 1992 1993 1993 2004 1996 1999Montenegro 2006 2006 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007Nauru 2001 1993 2001 1993 2001 2001 2002 1996 1998Niue 2002 1996 1999 1996 2003 2003 2005 2006 1998Palau 2003 1999 1999 1999 2001 2001 2002 1996 1999San Marino .. 1994 .. 1994 .. .. .. .. 1999Serbia b 2006 2001 .. 2002 2001 2001 2002 2001 ..Somalia .. .. .. .. 2001 2001 .. 1989 2002Tuvalu .. 1993 1998 2002 1993 1993 2004 2002 1998Total states parties c 140 190 173 189 190 190 145 154 191Treaties signed, not yet ratified 18 0 4 1 0 0 35 23 0NOTESData are as of 1 July 2007. Data refer to year ofratifi cation, accession approval or successionunless otherwise specifi ed. All these stages havethe same legal effects. Bold signifi es signaturenot yet followed by ratifi cation.a. Countries or areas, in addition to the countries orareas included in the main indicator tables, thathave signed at least one of the nine environmentaltreaties listed in this table.b. Following separation of Serbia and Montenegrointo two independent states in June 2006, alltreaty actions (ratifi cation, signature etc.) continuein force for the Republic of Serbia.c. Refers to ratifi cation, acceptance, approval,accession or succession.SOURCEAll columns: UN 2007aHuman development indicatorsHUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008 317