The 21st Century climate challenge

TABLE5 Demographic trendsHDI rankTotal population(millions)Annualpopulationgrowth rate(%)1975– 2005–Urban population a(% of total)2005Population Population agedunder age 15 65 and older(% of total) (% of total)1970–2015 b1975 2005 2015 b 1975 2005 2015 b 2005 2015 b 2005 2015 bTotal fertilityrate(births per woman)2000–1975 c 2005 c160 Guinea 4.0 9.0 11.4 2.7 2.4 19.5 33.0 38.1 43.4 41.5 3.1 3.4 7.0 5.8161 Rwanda 4.4 9.2 12.1 2.5 2.7 4.0 19.3 28.7 43.5 43.7 2.5 2.2 8.3 6.0162 Angola 6.8 16.1 21.2 2.9 2.8 19.1 53.3 59.7 46.4 45.3 2.4 2.4 7.2 6.8163 Benin 3.2 8.5 11.3 3.2 2.9 21.9 40.1 44.6 44.2 41.9 2.7 2.9 7.1 5.9164 Malawi 5.3 13.2 17.0 3.1 2.5 7.7 17.2 22.1 47.1 44.6 3.0 3.1 7.4 6.0165 Zambia 5.0 11.5 13.8 2.7 1.9 34.9 35.0 37.0 45.7 43.4 2.9 3.0 7.4 5.6166 Côte d’Ivoire 6.6 18.6 22.3 3.5 1.8 32.2 45.0 49.8 41.7 37.9 3.2 3.5 7.4 5.1167 Burundi 3.7 7.9 11.2 2.5 3.6 3.2 10.0 13.5 45.1 45.9 2.6 2.4 6.8 6.8168 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 24.0 58.7 80.6 3.0 3.2 29.5 32.1 38.6 47.2 47.8 2.6 2.5 6.5 6.7169 Ethiopia 34.2 79.0 101.0 2.8 2.5 9.5 16.0 19.1 44.5 41.0 2.9 3.1 6.8 5.8170 Chad 4.2 10.1 13.4 3.0 2.8 15.6 25.3 30.5 46.2 45.2 3.0 2.8 6.6 6.5171 Central African Republic 2.1 4.2 5.0 2.4 1.8 32.0 38.0 40.4 42.7 39.9 3.9 3.7 5.7 5.0172 Mozambique 10.6 20.5 24.7 2.2 1.8 8.7 34.5 42.4 44.2 43.2 3.2 3.4 6.6 5.5173 Mali 5.4 11.6 15.7 2.5 3.0 16.2 30.5 36.5 47.7 46.4 3.6 3.0 7.6 6.7174 Niger 4.9 13.3 18.8 3.3 3.5 11.4 16.8 19.3 48.0 47.3 3.1 3.4 8.1 7.4175 Guinea-Bissau 0.7 1.6 2.2 3.0 3.0 16.0 29.6 31.1 47.4 47.9 3.0 2.7 7.1 7.1176 Burkina Faso 6.1 13.9 18.5 2.8 2.8 6.4 18.3 22.8 46.2 44.2 3.1 2.6 7.8 6.4177 Sierra Leone 2.9 5.6 6.9 2.1 2.2 21.2 40.7 48.2 42.8 42.8 3.3 3.3 6.5 6.5Developing countries 2,972.0 T 5,215.0 T 5,956.6 T 1.9 1.3 26.5 42.7 47.9 30.9 28.0 5.5 6.4 5.4 2.9Least developed countries 357.6 T 765.7 T 965.2 T 2.5 2.3 14.8 26.7 31.6 41.5 39.3 3.3 3.5 6.6 4.9Arab States 144.4 T 313.9 T 380.4 T 2.6 1.9 41.8 55.1 58.8 35.2 32.1 3.9 4.4 6.7 3.6East Asia and the Pacifi c 1,312.3 T 1,960.6 T 2,111.2 T 1.3 0.7 20.5 42.8 51.1 23.8 20.6 7.1 8.8 5.0 1.9Latin America and the Caribbean 323.9 T 556.6 T 626.5 T 1.8 1.2 61.1 77.3 80.6 29.8 26.3 6.3 7.7 5.0 2.5South Asia 835.4 T 1,587.4 T 1,842.2 T 2.1 1.5 21.2 30.2 33.8 33.6 29.5 4.7 5.4 5.5 3.2Sub-Saharan Africa 314.1 T 722.7 T 913.2 T 2.8 2.3 21.2 34.9 39.6 43.6 41.7 3.1 3.2 6.8 5.5Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS 366.6 T 405.2 T 398.6 T 0.3 -0.2 57.7 63.2 63.9 18.1 17.4 12.8 12.9 2.5 1.5OECD 928.0 T 1,172.6 T 1,237.3 T 0.8 0.5 66.9 75.6 78.2 19.4 17.8 13.8 16.1 2.6 1.7High-income OECD 766.8 T 931.5 T 976.6 T 0.6 0.5 69.3 77.0 79.4 17.6 16.5 15.3 18.0 2.2 1.7High human development 1,280.6 T 1,658.7 T 1,751.1 T 0.9 0.5 66.4 76.8 79.4 20.2 18.8 12.7 14.5 2.7 1.8Medium human development 2,514.9 T 4,239.6 T 4,759.8 T 1.7 1.2 23.8 39.3 44.9 29.3 26.0 5.8 6.8 5.3 2.6Low human development 218.5 T 508.7 T 653.0 T 2.8 2.5 18.6 33.2 38.6 44.9 43.0 2.9 3.0 6.9 6.0High income 793.3 T 991.5 T 1,047.2 T 0.7 0.5 69.4 77.6 80.0 18.1 17.0 14.8 17.3 2.3 1.7Middle income 2,054.2 T 3,084.7 T 3,339.7 T 1.4 0.8 34.7 53.9 60.3 25.1 22.5 7.3 8.6 4.6 2.1Low income 1,218.0 T 2,425.5 T 2,894.7 T 2.3 1.8 20.5 30.0 34.2 36.6 33.3 4.2 4.7 5.9 3.8World 4,076.1 T e 6,514.8 T e 7,295.1 T e 1.6 1.1 37.2 48.6 52.8 28.3 26.0 7.3 8.3 4.5 2.6Human development indicatorsNOTESa. Because data are based on national defi nitionsof what constitutes a city or metropolitan area,cross-country comparisons should be madewith caution.b. Data refer to medium-variant projections.c. Data refer to estimates for the period specifi ed.d. Population estimates include Taiwan Provinceof China.e. Data are aggregates provided by original datasource. The total population of the 177 countriesincluded in the main indicator tables wasestimated to be 4,013.6 million in 1975, 6,406.9million in 2005 and projected to be 7,164.3 millionin 2015.SOURCESColumns 1–3 and 9–14: UN 2007e.Columns 4 and 5: calculated on the basis ofcolumns 1 and 2.Columns 6–8: UN 2006b.246 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008