The 21st Century climate challenge

TABLE28Gender-relateddevelopmentindex (GDI)Life expectancy at birth(years)2005Adult literacy rate a(% aged 15 and older)1995–2005Combined grossenrolment ratio forprimary, secondary andtertiary education b(%)2005Estimated earnedincome c(PPP US$)2005HDI rankRank Value Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male160 Guinea 141 0.446 56.4 53.2 18.1 42.6 38 52 1,876 h 2,734 h -1161 Rwanda 140 0.450 46.7 43.6 59.8 71.4 51 51 1,031 h 1,392 h 1162 Angola 142 0.439 43.3 40.1 54.2 82.9 24 g 28 g 1,787 h 2,898 h 0163 Benin 145 0.422 56.5 54.1 23.3 47.9 42 59 732 h 1,543 h -2164 Malawi 143 0.432 46.7 46.0 54.0 74.9 62 64 565 h 771 h 1165 Zambia 144 0.425 40.6 40.3 59.8 76.3 58 63 725 h 1,319 h 1166 Côte d’Ivoire 146 0.413 48.3 46.5 38.6 60.8 32 g 47 g 795 h 2,472 h 0167 Burundi 147 0.409 49.8 47.1 52.2 67.3 34 42 611 h 791 h 0168 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 148 0.398 47.1 44.4 54.1 80.9 28 g 39 g 488 h 944 h 0169 Ethiopia 149 0.393 53.1 50.5 22.8 50.0 36 48 796 h 1,316 h 0170 Chad 152 0.370 51.8 49.0 12.8 40.8 28 47 1,126 h 1,735 h -2171 Central African Republic 153 0.368 45.0 42.3 33.5 64.8 23 g 36 g 933 h 1,530 h -2172 Mozambique 150 0.373 43.6 42.0 25.0 54.8 48 58 1,115 h 1,378 h 2173 Mali 151 0.371 55.3 50.8 15.9 32.7 31 42 833 h 1,234 h 2174 Niger 155 0.355 54.9 56.7 15.1 42.9 19 26 561 h 991 h -1175 Guinea-Bissau 156 0.355 47.5 44.2 60.0 60.0 j 29 g 45 g 558 h 1,103 h -1176 Burkina Faso 154 0.364 52.9 49.8 16.6 31.4 25 33 966 h 1,458 h 2177 Sierra Leone 157 0.320 43.4 40.2 24.2 46.7 38 g 52 g 507 h 1,114 h 0HDI rankminus GDIrank dNOTESa. Data refer to national literacy estimates fromcensuses or surveys conducted between 1995and 2005, unless otherwise specifi ed. Due todifferences in methodology and timeliness ofunderlying data, comparisons across countriesand over time should be made with caution. Formore details, see http://www.uis.unesco.org/.b. Data for some countries may refer to national orUNESCO Institute for Statistics estimates. Fordetails, see http://www.uis.unesco.org/.c. Because of the lack of gender-disaggregatedincome data, female and male earned income arecrudely estimated on the basis of data on the ratioof the female nonagricultural wage to the malenonagricultural wage, the female and male sharesof the economically active population, the totalfemale and male population and GDP per capita inPPP US$ (see Technical note 1). The wage ratiosused in this calculation are based on data for themost recent year available between 1996 and2005.d. The HDI ranks used in this calculation arerecalculated for the 157 countries with a GDIvalue. A positive fi gure indicates that the GDIrank is higher than the HDI rank, a negative theopposite.e. For the purposes of calculating the GDI, a value of99.0 % was applied.f. For the purpose of calculating the GDI, the femaleand male values appearing in this table werescaled downward to refl ect the maximum valuesfor adult literacy (99%), gross enrolment ratios(100%), and GDP per capita ($40,000). For moredetails, see Technical note 1.g. Data refer to an earlier year than that specifi ed.h. No wage data are available. For the purposes ofcalculating the estimated female and male earnedincome, a value of 0.75 was used for the ratioof the female nonagricultural wage to the malenonagricultural wage.i. Statec. 2006.j. In the absence of recent data, estimates fromUNESCO Institute for Statistics 2003, based onoutdated census or survey information were used,and should be interpreted with caution.k. UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimates basedon its Global age-specifi c literacy projectionsmodel.l. Data from earlier years were adjusted to refl ecttheir values in 2005 prices.m. Heston, Alan, Robert Summers and BettinaAten. 2006. Data may differ from the standarddefi nition.n. For statistical purposes, the data for China do notinclude Hong Kong and Macao, SARs of China.o. Data refer to years or periods other than thosespecifi ed in the column heading, differ fromthe standard defi nition or refer to only part of acountry.SOURCESColumn 1: determined on the basis of the GDI valuesin column 2.Column 2: calculated on the basis of data in columns3–10; see Technical note 1 for details.Columns 3 and 4: UN 2007e.Columns 5 and 6: UNESCO Institute for Statistics2007a.Columns 7 and 8: UNESCO Institute for Statistics2007c.Columns 9 and 10: calculated on the basis ofdata on GDP per capita (PPP US$) and populationdata from World Bank 2007b unless otherwisespecifi ed; data on wages from ILO 2007b; data on theeconomically active population from ILO 2005.Column 11: calculated on the basis of recalculatedHDI ranks and GDI ranks in column 1.GDI ranks for 157 countries and areas1 Iceland2 Australia3 Norway4 Canada5 Sweden6 Netherlands7 France8 Finland9 Switzerland10 United Kingdom11 Denmark12 Spain13 Japan14 Belgium15 Ireland16 United States17 Italy18 New Zealand19 Austria20 Germany21 Israel22 Hong Kong, China (SAR)23 Luxembourg24 Greece25 Slovenia26 Korea (Republic of)27 Cyprus28 Portugal29 Czech Republic30 Barbados31 Brunei Darussalam32 Kuwait33 Malta34 Hungary35 Poland36 Argentina37 Qatar38 Lithuania39 Slovakia40 Chile41 Estonia42 Bahrain43 United Arab Emirates44 Latvia45 Uruguay46 Croatia47 Costa Rica48 Bahamas49 Cuba50 Bulgaria51 Mexico52 Belize53 Tonga54 Romania55 Panama56 Trinidad and Tobago57 Belarus58 Malaysia59 Russian Federation60 Brazil61 Albania62 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya63 Mauritius64 Macedonia (TFYR)65 Kazakhstan66 Colombia67 Oman68 Venezuela (BolivarianRepublic of)69 Ukraine70 Saudi Arabia71 Thailand72 Samoa73 China74 Dominican Republic75 Armenia76 Peru77 Philippines78 Suriname79 Turkey80 Jordan81 Lebanon82 Fiji83 Tunisia84 Iran (Islamic Republic of)85 Maldives86 Paraguay87 Azerbaijan88 Guyana89 Sri Lanka90 Jamaica91 Viet Nam92 El Salvador93 Cape Verde94 Indonesia95 Algeria96 Syrian Arab Republic97 Moldova98 Uzbekistan99 Nicaragua100 Mongolia101 Honduras102 Kyrgyzstan103 Bolivia104 Guatemala105 Gabon106 Tajikistan107 South Africa108 Namibia109 Botswana110 Sao Tome and Principe111 Equatorial Guinea112 Morocco113 India114 Cambodia115 Lao People’s DemocraticRepublic116 Comoros117 Ghana118 Mauritania119 Lesotho120 Congo121 Bangladesh122 Madagascar123 Swaziland124 Papua New Guinea125 Pakistan126 Cameroon127 Kenya128 Nepal129 Djibouti130 Zimbabwe131 Sudan132 Uganda133 Gambia134 Togo135 Senegal136 Yemen137 Eritrea138 Tanzania(United Republic of)139 Nigeria140 Rwanda141 Guinea142 Angola143 Malawi144 Zambia145 Benin146 Côte d’Ivoire147 Burundi148 Congo (DemocraticRepublic of the)149 Ethiopia150 Mozambique151 Mali152 Chad153 Central African Republic154 Burkina Faso155 Niger156 Guinea-Bissau157 Sierra LeoneHuman development indicatorsHUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008 329