The 21st Century climate challenge

TABLE29MDG Female legislators, Female professionalGender empowerment measure Seats in parliament senior officials and technical Ratio of estimated(GEM)held by women a and managers b workers b female to maleHDI rankRankValue(% of total)(% of total)(% of total) earned income c160 Guinea .. .. 19.3 .. .. 0.69161 Rwanda .. .. 45.3 .. .. 0.74162 Angola .. .. 15.0 .. .. 0.62163 Benin .. .. 8.4 .. .. 0.47164 Malawi .. .. 13.6 .. .. 0.73165 Zambia .. .. 14.6 .. .. 0.55166 Côte d’Ivoire .. .. 8.5 .. .. 0.32167 Burundi .. .. 31.7 .. .. 0.77168 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) .. .. 7.7 .. .. 0.52169 Ethiopia 72 0.477 21.4 20 30 0.60170 Chad .. .. 6.5 .. .. 0.65171 Central African Republic .. .. 10.5 .. .. 0.61172 Mozambique .. .. 34.8 .. .. 0.81173 Mali .. .. 10.2 .. .. 0.68174 Niger .. .. 12.4 .. .. 0.57175 Guinea-Bissau .. .. 14.0 .. .. 0.51176 Burkina Faso .. .. 11.7 .. .. 0.66177 Sierra Leone .. .. 14.5 .. .. 0.45NOTESa. Data are as of 31 May 2007, unless otherwisespecifi ed. Where there are lower and upperhouses, data refer to the weighted average ofwomen’s shares of seats in both houses.b. Data refer to the most recent year availablebetween 1994 and 2005. Estimates for countriesthat have implemented the International StandardClassifi cation of Occupations (ISCO-88) are notstrictly comparable with those for countries usingthe previous classifi cation (ISCO-1968).c. Calculated on the basis of data in columns 9 and10 in Table 27. Estimates are based on datafor the most recent year available between 1996and 2005. Following the methodologyimplemented in the calculation of the GDI, theincome component of the GEM has been scaleddownward for countries whose income exceedsthe maximum goalpost GDP per capita value of40,000 (PPP US$). For more details, seeTechnical note 1.d. Data follow the ISCO-1968 classifi cation.e. Brunei Darussalam does not currently have aparliament.f. No woman candidate was elected in the 2006elections. One woman was appointed to the16-member cabinet sworn in July 2006. Anew cabinet sworn in March 2007 includedtwo women. As cabinet ministers also sit inparliament, there are two women out of a total of65 members.g. No woman candidate was elected in the 2006elections. However one woman was appointedSpeaker of the House and therefore became amember of the House.h. Parliament has been dissolved or suspended foran indefi nite period.i. The fi gures on the distribution of seats donot include the 36 special rotating delegatesappointed on an ad hoc basis. All percentagesgiven are therefore calculated on the basis of the54 permanent seats.j. The parliament elected in 1990 has never beenconvened nor authorized to sit, and many of itsmembers were detained or forced into exile.k. In 2004, the number of seats in parliament wasraised from 300 to 345, with the additional 45seats reserved for women. These reserved seatswere fi lled in September and October 2005, beingallocated to political parties in proportion to theirshare of the national vote received in the 2001election.I. A transitional assembly was established inJanuary 2007. Elections for the constituentassembly will be held in 2007.m. The purpose of the elections held on 30 August2001 was to elect the members of the constituentassembly of Timor-Leste. This body became thenational parliament on 20 May 2002, the date onwhich the country became independent, withoutany new elections.SOURCESColumn 1: determined on the basis of GEM valuesin column 2.Column 2: calculated on the basis of data in columns3–6; see Technical note 1 for details.Column 3: calculated on the basis of data onparliamentary seats from IPU 2007c.Columns 4 and 5: calculated on the basis ofoccupational data from ILO 2007b.Column 6: calculated on the basis of data in columns9 and 10 of Table 28.GEM ranks for 93 countries1 Norway2 Sweden3 Finland4 Denmark5 Iceland6 Netherlands7 Belgium8 Australia9 Germany10 Canada11 New Zealand12 Spain13 Austria14 United Kingdom15 United States16 Singapore17 Argentina18 France19 Ireland20 Bahamas21 Italy22 Portugal23 Trinidad andTobago24 Costa Rica25 Lithuania26 Cuba27 Switzerland28 Israel29 United ArabEmirates30 Barbados31 Estonia32 Peru33 Slovakia34 Czech Republic35 Macedonia (TFYR)36 Namibia37 Greece38 Latvia39 Poland40 Croatia41 Slovenia42 Bulgaria43 Ecuador44 Tanzania (UnitedRepublic of)45 Philippines46 Mexico47 Honduras48 Cyprus49 Panama50 Hungary51 Mauritius52 Viet Nam53 Dominican Republic54 Japan55 Moldova56 Venezuela(BolivarianRepublic of)57 China58 El Salvador59 Uruguay60 Chile61 Botswana62 Belize63 Malta64 Korea (Republic of)65 Malaysia66 Saint Lucia67 Bolivia68 Romania69 Colombia70 Brazil71 Russian Federation72 Ethiopia73 Thailand74 Kazakhstan75 Ukraine76 Maldives77 Mongolia78 Paraguay79 Georgia80 Oman81 Bangladesh82 Pakistan83 Cambodia84 Qatar85 Sri Lanka86 Nepal87 Iran (IslamicRepublic of)88 Morocco89 Kyrgyzstan90 Turkey91 Egypt92 Saudi Arabia93 YemenHuman development indicatorsHUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008 333