The 21st Century climate challenge

TABLE13 Technology: diffusion and creationHuman development indicatorsHDI rankMDGTelephone mainlines a(per 1,000 people)MDGCellular subscribers a(per 1,000 people)MDGInternet users(per 1,000 people)Patentsgranted toresidents(per millionpeople)Receiptsof royaltiesand licencefees(US$ perperson)Researchanddevelopment(R&D)expenditures(% of GDP)Researchersin R&D(per millionpeople)1990 2005 1990 2005 1990 2005 2000–05 b 2005 2000–05 b 1990–2005 b54 Saint Kitts and Nevis 231 532 c 0 213 c 0 .. .. 0.0 .. ..55 Tonga 46 .. 0 161 c 0 29 .. .. .. 45,45456 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 51 133 d 0 41 c 0 36 c .. 0.0 c .. 36157 Antigua and Barbuda 252 467 c 0 663 c 0 350 .. 0.0 .. ..58 Oman 57 103 1 519 0 111 .. .. .. ..59 Trinidad and Tobago 136 248 0 613 0 123 c .. .. 0.1 ..60 Romania 102 203 0 617 0 208 c 24 2.2 0.4 97661 Saudi Arabia 75 164 1 575 0 70 c (.) 0.0 .. ..62 Panama 90 136 0 418 0 64 .. 0.0 0.3 9763 Malaysia 89 172 5 771 0 435 .. 1.1 0.7 29964 Belarus 154 336 0 419 0 347 76 0.3 0.6 ..65 Mauritius 53 289 2 574 0 146 c .. (.) 0.4 36066 Bosnia and Herzegovina .. 248 0 408 0 206 3 .. .. ..67 Russian Federation 140 280 0 838 0 152 135 1.8 1.2 3,31968 Albania 12 88 c 0 405 c 0 60 .. 0.2 .. ..69 Macedonia (TFYR) 150 262 0 620 0 79 11 1.5 0.3 50470 Brazil 63 230 c (.) 462 0 195 1 0.5 1.0 344MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT71 Dominica 161 293 c 0 585 c 0 361 .. 0.0 .. ..72 Saint Lucia 127 .. 0 573 c 0 339 c 0 .. 0.4 e ..73 Kazakhstan 82 167 c 0 327 0 27 c 83 (.) 0.2 62974 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 75 136 (.) 470 0 125 1 0.0 0.3 ..75 Colombia 69 168 0 479 0 104 (.) 0.2 0.2 10976 Ukraine 135 256 c 0 366 0 97 52 0.5 1.2 ..77 Samoa 25 73 d 0 130 0 32 0 .. .. ..78 Thailand 24 110 1 430 c 0 110 1 0.3 0.3 28779 Dominican Republic 48 101 (.) 407 0 169 .. 0.0 .. ..80 Belize 92 114 0 319 0 130 .. .. .. ..81 China 6 269 (.) 302 0 85 16 0.1 1.4 70882 Grenada 162 309 c 2 410 c 0 182 .. 0.0 .. ..83 Armenia 158 192 c 0 106 0 53 39 .. 0.3 ..84 Turkey 122 263 1 605 0 222 1 0.0 c 0.7 34185 Suriname 91 180 0 518 0 71 .. .. .. ..86 Jordan 78 119 c (.) 304 c 0 118 c .. .. .. 1,92787 Peru 26 80 (.) 200 0 164 (.) 0.1 0.1 22688 Lebanon 144 277 0 277 0 196 .. 0.0 c .. ..89 Ecuador 48 129 0 472 0 47 0 0.0 c 0.1 5090 Philippines 10 41 0 419 0 54 c (.) 0.1 0.1 4891 Tunisia 37 125 (.) 566 0 95 .. 1.4 0.6 1,01392 Fiji 59 122 d 0 229 0 77 .. .. .. ..93 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 120 189 0 593 0 84 0 .. 0.2 ..94 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 40 278 0 106 0 103 8 .. 0.7 1,27995 Paraguay 27 54 0 320 0 34 .. 33.2 0.1 7996 Georgia 99 151 c 0 326 0 39 c 42 2.1 0.3 ..97 Guyana 22 147 0 375 0 213 .. 47.9 .. ..98 Azerbaijan 87 130 0 267 0 81 .. (.) 0.3 ..99 Sri Lanka 7 63 (.) 171 0 14 c 3 .. 0.1 128100 Maldives 29 98 0 466 0 59 c .. 8.6 .. ..101 Jamaica 44 129 0 1,017 0 404 c 1 4.7 0.1 ..102 Cape Verde 23 141 0 161 0 49 .. 0.2 d .. 127103 El Salvador 24 141 0 350 0 93 .. 0.4 0.1 e 47104 Algeria 32 78 (.) 416 0 58 1 .. .. ..105 Viet Nam 1 191 0 115 0 129 (.) .. 0.2 115106 Occupied Palestinian Territories .. 96 0 302 0 67 .. .. .. ..274 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008