The 21st Century climate challenge

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The 21 st Centuryclimate challenge1
“One generation plants a tree; thenext generation gets the shade.”Chinese Proverb“You already know enough. So do I.It is not knowledge we lack.What is missing is the courage tounderstand what we know andto draw conclusions.”Sven Lindqvist
Page 2 and 3: Copyright © 2007by the United Nati
Page 4: ForewordWhat we do today about clim
Page 7 and 8: AcknowledgementsThis Report could n
Page 9 and 10: Jean-Robert Moret, Koos Neefjes, Ii
Page 11 and 12: From climate shocks today to depriv
Page 13 and 14: Figures1.1 Rising CO 2emissions are
Page 15 and 16: … while preserving it for future
Page 17 and 18: Climate change providesa potent rem
Page 19 and 20: The real choice facingpolitical lea
Page 21 and 22: The world’s poor andfuture genera
Page 23 and 24: Current investment patternsare putt
Page 25 and 26: Avoiding the unprecedentedthreats p
Page 27 and 28: The rapid development anddeployment
Page 29 and 30: Support for the MDGsprovides anothe
Page 31 and 32: For the current generation,the chal
Page 33: • Create a Climate Change Mitigat
Page 37 and 38: 1The 21 st Century climate challeng
Page 43 and 44: 1Special contributionClimate policy
Page 55 and 56: 1 The 21 st Century climate challen
Page 69 and 70: 1Box 1.3Developed countries have fa
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Climate shocks:risk and vulnerabili
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CHAPTER2Climateshocks: risk andvuln
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in order to cast a light on future
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Box 2.1Under-reporting climate disa
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Box 2.2The global insurance industr
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Box 2.3Hurricane Katrina—the soci
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human rights of the Inuit. The aim
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have been at least 14% lower (table
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intensify these pressures. In Ethio
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unable to build productive assets,
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Climate modelling exercises point t
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Box 2.7Climate change in Malawi—m
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prominently in low human developmen
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Box 2.8Climate change and China’s
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Box 2.9Melting glaciers and retreat
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enign climate change scenarios poin
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Alaska to Siberia has increased by
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donors to invest in rehabilitation.
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more likely. Evidence from the past
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“We shall require a substantially
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3Avoiding dangerous climate change:
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Table 3.1Emission reduction targets
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Box 3.1Leadership by example in car
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Box 3.2Targets and outcomes diverge
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Box 3.3The United Kingdom's climate
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Box 3.5Reducing carbon intensity in
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Box 3.7Renewable energy in Germany
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Box 3.9Palm oil and biofuel develop
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Box 3.11Decarbonizing growth in Ind
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4Adapting to the inevitable:nationa
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CHAPTER4Adapting to the inevitable:
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Mitigation is one part of a twin st
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structures for adaptation planning.
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national climate change projections
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Adjusted for country context, these
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training and support, to 11 regiona
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must take into account the impact o
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Act guarantees 100 days of employme
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• In Kenya, drought in pastoral a
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Box 4.5Risk insurance and adaptatio
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oad umbrella, rich countries are re
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0.7 percent of Gross National Incom
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vulnerable ecosystems. Actual spend
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ange for that risk extends from a n
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countries. 71 The figures are based
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adaptation will require a high leve
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national and subnational programmes
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NotesChapter 11 Diamond 2005.2 Kenn
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oceans, which cover 70 percent of t
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69 Gurría and Manning 2007.70 OCHA
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Canales Davila, Caridad and Alberto
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———. 2006a. “Building a Glo
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EPA (Environment Protection Agency)
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OECD Development Assistance Committ
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Landau, J.P. 2004. “Rapport à Mo
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Regional Hunger and Vulnerability P
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UNDP (United Nations Development Pr
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Readers guide and notes to tablesHu
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sification, which refers only to th
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Note to Table 1: about this year’
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ences in national price levels. The
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TABLE1Monitoringhuman development:
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TABLE1HDI rank aHumandevelopmentind
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TABLE1aMonitoring human development
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TABLE2HDI rank 1975 1980 1985 1990
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TABLE2HDI rank 1975 1980 1985 1990
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TABLE3HDI rankHuman povertyindex (H
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TABLE4Monitoring human development:
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TABLE5.. . to lead a long and healt
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TABLE5HDI rankTotal population(mill
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TABLE6HDI rankPublic(% of GDP)Healt
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TABLE7. . . to lead a long and heal
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TABLE7HDI rankMDGPopulation usingim
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TABLE9HDI rankHIVprevalence a(% age
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TABLE10.. . to lead a long and heal
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TABLE10HDI rankLife expectancy at b
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TABLE11. . . to acquire knowledge .
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TABLE11Public expenditure on educat
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TABLE12.. . to acquire knowledge .
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TABLE12HDI rankAdult literacy rate(
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TABLE13. . . to acquire knowledge .
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TABLE13HDI rankMDGTelephone mainlin
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TABLE14.. . to have access to the r
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TABLE14HDI rankUS$ billions2005GDPG
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TABLE15HDI rankSurvey yearMDGShare
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TABLE16HDI rankImports of goodsand
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TABLE18HDI rankOfficial development
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TABLE18HDI rankOfficial development
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TABLE19HDI rankPublicexpenditureon
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TABLE19Publicexpenditureon health(%
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TABLE21Unemployedpeople(thousands)E
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TABLE22HDI rankElectricity consumpt
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TABLE22Electricity consumptionper c
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TABLE23Share of TPES aFossil fuels
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TABLE23Share of TPES aFossil fuels
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TABLE24HDI rankTotal(Mt CO 2)Annual
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TABLE24Total(Mt CO 2)Annualchange(%
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TABLE25HDI rankCartagenaProtocol on
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TABLE25HDI rankCartagenaProtocol on
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TABLE26HDI rankInternallydisplacedp
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TABLE26Conventional arms transfers
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TABLE27HDI rank2000-04 c 2007 d 200
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TABLE27HDI rank2000-04 c 2007 d 200
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TABLE28HDI rankGender-relateddevelo
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TABLE28Gender-relateddevelopmentind
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TABLE29HDI rankGender empowerment m
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TABLE29MDG Female legislators, Fema
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TABLE30HDI rankAdult literacy aFema
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TABLE30Adult literacy aMDGYouth lit
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TABLE31HDI rankFemale economic acti
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TABLE31HDI rankFemale economic acti
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TABLE33.. . and achieving equality
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TABLE33Year women received right aY
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TABLE34Humanand labour rights instr
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TABLE34HDI rankInternationalConvent
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TABLE35Humanand labour rights instr
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TABLE35HDI rankFreedom of associati
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TECHNICAL NOTE 1Calculating the hum
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008
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Calculating the GDI (continued)Seco
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Selected readingsAnand, Sudhir, and
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under the age of five countries tha
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Earned income (PPP US$), estimated
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individual or household. The Gini i
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problems of under reporting and mis
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Unemployment Refers to all people a
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Statec. 2006. Correspondence on gro
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Countries in the income aggregatesH
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Developing countries in the regiona
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Indicator table Indicator Indicator
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Indicator table Indicator Indicator
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Index to Millennium Development Goa
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The 21st Century climate challenge

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