The 21st Century climate challenge

TABLE12 Literacy and enrolmentAdult literacy rate(% aged 15 and older)MDGYouth literacy rate(% aged 15–24)MDGNet primaryenrolment rate(%)Net secondaryenrolment rate a(%)MDGChildren reachinggrade 5(% of grade 1 students)Tertiary students inscience, engineering,manufacturingand construction(% of tertiary students)1985– 1995– 1985– 1995–HDI rank1994 b 2005 c 1994 b 2005 c 1991 2005 1991 2005 1991 2004 1999–2005 d160 Guinea .. 29.5 .. 46.6 27 e 66 .. 24 e 59 76 34161 Rwanda 57.9 64.9 74.9 77.6 66 74 e 7 .. 60 46 f ..162 Angola .. 67.4 .. 72.2 50 e .. .. .. .. .. 18163 Benin 27.2 34.7 39.9 45.3 41 e 78 .. 17 e 55 52 ..164 Malawi 48.5 64.1 59.0 76.0 48 95 .. 24 64 42 ..165 Zambia 65.0 68.0 66.4 69.5 .. 89 .. 26 e .. 94 f ..166 Côte d’Ivoire 34.1 48.7 48.5 60.7 45 56 e,f .. 20 e 73 88 e,f ..167 Burundi 37.4 59.3 53.6 73.3 53 e 60 .. .. 62 67 10 g168 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) .. 67.2 .. 70.4 54 .. .. .. 55 .. ..169 Ethiopia 27.0 35.9 33.6 49.9 22 e 61 .. 28 e 18 .. 17170 Chad 12.2 25.7 17.0 37.6 35 e 61 e,f .. 11 e 51 e 33 ..171 Central African Republic 33.6 48.6 48.2 58.5 52 .. .. .. 23 .. ..172 Mozambique .. 38.7 .. 47.0 43 77 .. 7 34 62 24173 Mali .. 24.0 .. .. 21 e 51 5 e .. 70 e 87 ..174 Niger .. 28.7 .. 36.5 22 40 5 8 62 65 ..175 Guinea-Bissau .. .. .. .. 38 e 45 e,f .. 9 e .. .. ..176 Burkina Faso 13.6 23.6 20.2 33.0 29 45 .. 11 70 76 ..177 Sierra Leone .. 34.8 .. 47.9 43 e .. .. .. .. .. 8Developing countries 68.2 n 77.1 n 80.2 n 85.6 n 80 85 .. 53 n .. .. ..Least developed countries 47.4 n 53.4 n 56.3 n 65.5 n 47 77 .. 27 n .. .. ..Arab States 58.2 n 70.3 n 74.8 n 85.2 n 71 83 .. 59 n .. .. ..East Asia and the Pacifi c .. 90.7 .. 97.8 .. 93 .. 69 n .. .. ..Latin America and the Caribbean 87.6 n 89.9 n 93.7 n 96.6 n 86 95 .. 68 n .. .. ..South Asia 47.6 n 59.7 n 60.7 n 74.7 n .. 87 .. .. .. .. ..Sub-Saharan Africa 54.2 n 59.3 n 64.4 n 71.2 n 52 72 .. 26 n .. .. ..Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS 97.5 99.1 .. 99.6 90 91 .. 84 n .. .. ..OECD .. .. .. .. 97 96 .. 87 n .. .. ..High-income OECD 98.9 n 99.1 n 99.4 n .. 97 96 .. 92 n .. .. ..High human development .. 94.1 .. 98.1 93 95 .. .. .. .. ..Medium human development .. 78.3 .. 87.3 .. 87 .. .. .. .. ..Low human development 43.5 54.1 55.9 66.4 45 69 .. .. .. .. ..High income 98.4 n 98.6 n 99.0 n .. 96 95 .. 91 n .. .. ..Middle income 82.3 n 90.1 n 93.1 n 96.8 n 92 93 .. 70 n .. .. ..Low income 51.5 n 60.8 n 63.0 n 73.4 n .. 81 .. 40 n .. .. ..World 76.4 n 82.4 n 83.5 n 86.5 n 83 87 .. 59 n .. .. ..Human development indicatorsNOTESa. Enrolment rates for the most recent yearsare based on the new International StandardClassifi cation of Education, adopted in 1997(UNESCO 1997), and so may not be strictlycomparable with those for 1991.b. Data refer to national literacy estimates fromcensuses or surveys conducted between 1985and 1994, unless otherwise specifi ed. Due todifferences in methodology and timeliness ofunderlying data, comparisons across countriesand over time should be made with caution.For more details, see http://www.uis.unesco.org/.c. Data refer to national literacy estimates fromcensuses or surveys conducted between 1995and 2005, unless otherwise specifi ed. Due todifferences in methodology and timeliness ofunderlying data, comparisons across countriesand over time should be made with caution.For more details, see http://www.uis.unesco.org/.d. Data refer to the most recent year available duringthe period specifi ed.e. National or UNESCO Institute for Statisticsestimate.f. Data refer to an earlier year than that specifi ed.g. Figure should be treated with caution because thereported number of enrolled students in the “Notknown or unspecifi ed” category represents morethan 10% of total enrolment.h. UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimates basedon its Global Age-specifi c Literacy Projectionsmodel, April 2007.i. Data refer to 2006.j. Data refer to 18 of the 25 states of thecountry only.k. Data are based on a literacy assessment.l. Data exclude three sub-divisions of Senapatidistrict of Manipur: Mao Maram, Paomataand Purul.m. Data refer to North Sudan only.n. Data refer to aggregates calculated by UNESCOInstitute for Statistics.SOURCESColumns 1–4: UNESCO Institute forStatistics 2007a.Columns 5–11: UNESCO Institute forStatistics 2007c.272 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2007/2008