The United States and China in Power Transition - Strategic Studies ...

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Chinese critiques of the harmonious world construct. He rightly points out that this harmonious world construct is not a “theory” as many other Chinese analysts have claimed; it is a questionable design for world peace; it is at best a Chinese government policy call. See Xu Shaomin (许少民), “和谐世界:口号还是战略?” (“Harmonious World Construct: A Policy Call or a Strategy?”) 中国选举与治理网, available from www.chinaelections.org. 35. The Five Principles of Peaceful Co-Existence are: 1) mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity; 2) mutual non-aggression; 3) noninterference in each other’s internal affairs; 4) equality and mutual benefit; and 5) peaceful co-existence. Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai first specified the five principles in their entirety in a meeting with the visiting Indian government delegation in Beijing on December 31, 1953. By the way, the Indians also claim ownership of these five principles. 36. Hu Jintao, “Build Towards a Harmonious World of Lasting Peace and Common Prosperity,” Speech at the UN Summit, New York, September 15, 2005, available from www.china-un. org/eng/zt/shnh60/t212915.htm. Two years later, at the CCP’s 17th Party Convention, Hu provided a further elaboration of this construct. See Hu Jintao, “Report to the 17th CCP Party Convention, Section XI,” October 25, 2007. 37. See Chen Xiangyang (陈向阳), “有效应对西方 ‘话语霸权’ 挑战” (“Effectively Challenge the West’s ‘Speech Hegemonism’”), 瞭望新闻周刊 (Outlook Weekly), March 29, 2010. Jiang Yong (江涌), “中国要说话, 世界在倾听” (“China Has Things to Say, the World Is Listening”), 决策探索 (Decision Studies), March 2010. 38.Yang Jiemian (杨洁勉), “和谐世界理念与中国国际战略发展” (“Idea of ‘Harmonious World’ in China’s International Strategic Development”), 国际问题研究 (International Studies), No. 5, 2009; Li Dan (李丹), “和谐社会与和谐世界: 中国内外治理的新构想” (“Harmonious Society and Harmonious World: China’s New Construct for Internal and External Order”), 长沙理工大学学报 ( 社会科学版) (Journal of Changsha University of Science & Technology [Social Science]), Vol. 23, No. 2, January 2008; Cheng Yunchuan ( 程云川), “推动建设和谐世界论的当代价值” (“The Contemporary Value of Advocating the Harmonious World Construct”), 福建论坛 (Fujian Forum), No. 2, 2010; Ban Xiuping (班秀萍), “‘共产党宣 209
言’: 160年后要建立一个 ‘和谐世界‘” (“160 Years after the Communist Manifesto: to Build a ‘Harmonious World’”), 渤海大学学报 (Journal of Bohai University), No. 1, 2009; Zhang Dianjun (张殿军), “从 ‘世界革命’ 到构建 ‘和谐世界’” (“From ‘World Revolution’ to ‘Harmonious World’ Construct”), 甘肃理论学刊 (Gansu Theory Research), Vol. 199, No. 3, May 2010. 39. It is not an unfair statement that most, if not all, of the Chinese “scholarly analyses” of the harmonious world idea since the promulgation of it by the Chinese senior leaders have been part of the Chinese government propaganda, for these “analyses” have only been limited to the introduction of the background and reasons for the Chinese government to make such a call, the content of this call (mostly a repetition of what Hu Jintao has stated), its connection to the Confucius teaching and Chinese tradition (only the good aspects), unconditional support to the call, and unqualified praise for the international significance of the call. There is no rigorous “scholarly” or theoretical scrutiny of this call. See Ren Jingjing (任晶晶), “中国和平发展国际战略的总纲—‘和谐世界’ 理念研究述评” (“The General Principle of China’s Peaceful Development Strategy—A Review of the Studies on the ‘Harmonious World’ Construct”), 学术述评 (Scholarly Review), Vol. 39, No. 3, 2008; and Fan Baihua (方柏华) and Ren Jingjing (任晶晶), “’和谐世界’ 理念研究: 回顾与前瞻” (“Studies on the ‘Harmonious World’ Construct: Past and Future”), 中共中央党校学报 (Journal of the Party School of the Central Committee of the CCP), Vol. 12, No. 4, August 2008 for a rather rare and fair assessment of the Chinese “researches.” 40. Confucianism was badly dismissed during the Chinese “Cultural Revolution.” See the CCP resolution to build a harmonious society in China, passed at the 6th Plenanium of the 16th CCP Central Party Committee, October 11, 2006. 41. There is, however, a large literature on the problems with Confucianism as the foundation for government. One can get to see some from the following publications. Hu Ruijun (胡锐军), “ 儒家政治秩序建构的合法性基础” (“The Legitimacy Foundation for the Construction of a Confucian Political Order”), 中南大学学报 (社会科学版) (Journal of Central-South University [Social Science]), Vol. 14, No. 3, June 2008; Zhou Yuanyuan (周渊源), “儒家德治思想缺陷解读” (“An Analysis on the Shortcoming of Confucius 210
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U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE STRATEGIC STU
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***** Comments pertaining to this r
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Appendix 1: Selected Articles From
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with the United States? How does th
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SUMMARY This analysis discusses the
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and unexpected challenges. U.S. and
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ahead, while the United States shou
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provocative acts, adamantly opposes
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION We can’t p
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Finally, the next 30 years will be
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Figure 2-1. Structure of Internatio
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As a general rule, mature nations m
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centuries, periodic internal breaku
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However, British power gradually de
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aftermath of World War I. President
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In retrospect, we can make the argu
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malized” Japan (presumably so wit
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and China. For centuries, China as
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expansion. Russia is not happy with
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dissatisfied second-ranked power. I
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danger of war because the condition
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21. See a recent analysis of Russia
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In the face of these daunting chall
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West. This sentiment runs deep and
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the changes to China appear nonthre
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Unfortunately, the emperor and the
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the Qing started to rock the dynast
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In October 1928, the ROC government
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were confident and eager to unleash
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those so-called “leaders of capit
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Figure 3-3. Top Iron/Steel Producti
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system modernization (although the
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cieties, penetrating into economics
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Just as the world was experiencing
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The Coming Conflict with China was
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from the Chinese point of view, the
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States in particular (the Chinese E
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now willingly to become a member of
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coincidence of interests is a matte
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Chinese way of thinking to encourag
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18. Warlords such as Feng Guozhang
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31. See, for example, the United Na
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Mearsheimer’s Presentation at Sha
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58. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao deli
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CHAPTER 4 THE FUTURE OF U.S.-CHINA
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the significance of their ambitions
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ical, economic, security, and cultu
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POSSIBLE OUTCOMES FOR THE U.S.-CHIN
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on important issues of the day. Nev
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A Change of Guard? The peaceful cha
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The U.S. push for democratic change
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opposed Soviet hegemony over the co
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However, the harmonious world const
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cover for the Chinese leaders to pr
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sonable demands. The CCP, after all
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United States stands for the democr
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to overstep on each other’s inter
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stated in the treaty “with satisf
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of war reparation to Japan followin
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cultural, and historical interests.
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version to conquer independent nati
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• The U.S. side declared: The Uni
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malization of relations with the Un
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the “One-China” principle, whic
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ment. The KMT’s landslide victori
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ing. As China becomes more powerful
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This combination of [PLA] rapidly a
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U.S. aircraft carrier group making
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earlier, it has been conducting thi
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the planned war games, many took th
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field Bank (中沙群岛) in the mi
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to accept the territorial “spoils
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littoral nations to claim the 200 n
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neighbors, especially the Southeast
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sertive measures to settle the disp
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Philippines’ claimed South China
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Asian Affairs at the National Secur
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audience (there were 27 of them at
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15th anniversary of the U.S.-Vietna
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compromised by recommending claiman
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Indeed, the current fight over thes
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and the handover of those islands t
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for ruling on maritime disputes: on
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Han Chinese, the ones in Tibet and
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Development takes time. Between now
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• During the Qing Dynasty, the ce
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Page 180 and 181: Deputy Director of the CCP’s Cent
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Page 190 and 191: U.S.-CHINA POWER TRANSITION: AT ODD
Page 192 and 193: way China develops, and guard again
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Page 224 and 225: ary 2006, for a discussion of China
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Page 230 and 231: year term in prison for what he sai
Page 232 and 233: 66. Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White
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Page 238 and 239: The delegates rejected the Soviet a
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Page 244 and 245: “Hearing on Maritime Territorial
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Page 248 and 249: our alliance responsibilities,” q
Page 250 and 251: 169. See also Wangchuk Deden Shakab
Page 252 and 253: Gyaltsen Gyari, “The Way Forward
Page 254 and 255: 190. The Central Tibetan Administra
Page 256 and 257: 203. The highest-ranking Chinese of
Page 258 and 259: 213. Henry Kissinger, On China, New
Page 260 and 261: 232. See Shirley Kan, “U.S.-China
Page 262 and 263: APPENDIX 1 SELECTED ARTICLES FROM T
Page 264 and 265: other activities for the economic e
Page 266 and 267: The continental margin comprises th
Page 268 and 269: Article 77: Rights of the Coastal S
Page 270 and 271: Article 81: Drilling on the Contine
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Page 274 and 275: APPENDIX 2 CAIRO DECLARATION 1 Conf
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APPENDIX 3 POTSDAM PROCLAMATION 1 D
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Japan shall be permitted to maintai
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Article 3: Japan will concur in any
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U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE Major General
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