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2.4.4 Application and Software The functioning of the mobile devices depended upon two types of software: the operating systems and the application software. The device must be loaded with the operating system (OS) before it can be operated. These are the instructions operating the device behind the scene (Goldstuck, 2005). The most common OS know today that drives mobile devices such as Symbian, Windows, and Palm OS. The software applications depend on the OS to perform a particular function. Some of these popular mobile applications could be music applications to listen to music, viewing and managing of photos and text editor. Goldstuck (Goldstuck, 2005) provides more information on these different types of mobile OS and application software. There are no standards sets on the use of these mobile devices OS and software applications within the level of any international government. However, there are currently a sets of standards regarding current MWTs and Goldstuck (2003) outlines some of the central issues regarding these standards. In Vanuatu, GSM is a standard that is use for mobile phones which is suitable for future mobile technology such as GPRS. Like in other countries Vanuatu‟s wireless network is driven by the Institute of Electric and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). Refer to the Wikipedia (Wikipedia, 2010e; Wikipedia, 2011b; Wikipedia, 2011c ) for more explanation on this standard and its practical applications. The preceding sections have explored the general overview of MWTs that are associated with the implementation of m-Government. The examples of m-Government are discussed next. - 42 -
2.5 Examples of m-Government Services In the preceding sections it has been observed there are various reasons that citizens needs to interact with government. For examples, citizens need to seek approval from the government authorities to start a business, building and many other activities. Citizens must pay taxes, duties and licences as required by the laws. On the other hand governments make donations, pay for subsidies and social pensions. At present these interactions could mostly be happening in a face to face interaction. However, there are currently other channels that services can be offered allowing for a different way of interaction such as through phone calls and accessing the internet. Many of the examples of the used of mobile technology can be found in private and government organizations around the world. The examples of these different services can be classified into the following categories: m-Communication and m-Information services; m-Transaction services; m-Democracy services; m-Administration services; m-Education services; and m-Security services Lallana (2008). Many of the examples of the practical applications are not covered in this study, but can be refer to in the following sources; (Singh & Sahu, 2008), (Chevallerau, 2005), (Goldstuck, 2005), Goldstuck (2003), (Canada, 2009), (Kingdom, 2010), (Suarez, 2006), (du Preez, 2009). The benefits of m-Government are discussed next. 2.6 Benefits of m-Government Services Heeks and Lallana (2008) state; “The main benefit that m-Government brings is its boundary-breaking potential: truly allowing working on an anywhere, anytime basis and - 43 -
Page 1 and 2: Exploring M-Government Readiness Th
Page 3 and 4: 2.7.1 Language and Literacy .......
Page 5 and 6: Attestation of Authorship “I here
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables Table 2:1 E-Readines
Page 9 and 10: IDC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 11 and 12: Abstract The notion of mobile gover
Page 13 and 14: Acknowledgments I owe my deepest gr
Page 15 and 16: In summary, m-Government provides s
Page 17 and 18: using mobile phones than fixed-line
Page 19 and 20: telephones over the last two years
Page 21 and 22: still being implemented. There are
Page 23 and 24: The study will investigate the scop
Page 25 and 26: the investigation of the current si
Page 27 and 28: government employees are becoming m
Page 29 and 30: Government services will be discuss
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2:1 E-government indicators.
Page 33 and 34: egulations while stage III consider
Page 35 and 36: services provided by a country's go
Page 37 and 38: Low ranking of countries in this re
Page 39 and 40: According to Wikipedia (2010b) wire
Page 41 and 42: The various definitions of m-Govern
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Page 47 and 48: The delivery model (G2G, G2E, G2B,
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Page 55 and 56: data currency. As previously stated
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Page 67 and 68: Chapter 3 : M-Government Readiness
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Page 73 and 74: Table 3:3 E-readiness tools, domain
Page 75 and 76: implementation Goldstuck (2003). Re
Page 77 and 78: 3.3 M-readiness framework compile f
Page 79 and 80: The interview started out by asking
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Page 87 and 88: Therefore, an interview and a surve
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However, some services could be reg
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knowledge and skills of how they ar
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Once this pre-paid credit is used u
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None All Staff Admin Staff Field St
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“In our department we don’t hav
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are policies in how government can
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unsure to very important (Appendix
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Q10. Please indicate in general you
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technology over the last two years.
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Figure 5:8 Overall importance of em
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the mean, standard deviation, minim
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their assessment on experiences in
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Chapter 6 : Discussion, Conclusion
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The findings provide evidence that
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and skills in the use of some of th
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Government services on offer in the
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thereby and thus to deliver better
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the issue of long distance travel t
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Government including m-Services rea
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technology and even trainings on a
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high rate. Lessons learnt from othe
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(Singh & Sahu, 2008). 6.4.2 Improve
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necessary to reinvent the wheel. It
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Reference Al-Khamasey, S., & Lawren
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http://www.mgovservice.ru/upload/up
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Vaezi, S. K., & Bimar, H. S. I. (20
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Q7 The business value chain (B2B/B2
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Q11 The mobile industry is evolving
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Q5 Technology makes me more efficie
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4 The Broadband Digital Network in
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C: Information Sheet - 153 -
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D: Consent Form - 155 -
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Questions 2: Table2 Code Respondent
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Question 4: Table4 Code Respondents
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Q6. Survey data collected: Table 6
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F: Survey data collected Question 9
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H: Survey data collected for Questi
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J: Survey Data collected for RTN as
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