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5-14 5.10 Summary and Recommendations Propagation Effects for Vehicular and Personal Mobile Satellite Systems The recommended fade duration distribution is given by (5-1) and plotted in Figure 5-3 for L-Band frequencies and a 5 dB threshold fade [ITU-R, 1994]. This relation may be used for moderate elevation angles ranging from 30° to 60° and roadside tree conditions corresponding from moderate to severe tree shadowing having percentage of optical shadowing levels (POS) of 55% to 75%. The corresponding median and 10% distance durations are 0.22 m and 1.04 m, respectively. The recommended non-fade duration distribution is given by (5-6) and plotted in Figure 5-7 for “moderate” and “extreme” shadowing conditions. These are applicable for the same conditions described above for the fade duration distributions. The parameters of (5-6) are tabulated in Table 5-4. Non-fade duration distances are 3.5 m and 0.22 m for the 10% and 50% levels, respectively, associated with the “moderate” tree shadowing case, and 1.2 m and 0.18 m for the “extreme” shadowing case. The “extreme” and “moderate” non-fade duration distributions were similar to the “non-fade” duration distributions measured in central Maryland at 30° and 60°, respectively. Equation (5-8) and Figure 5-8 for the “moderate” and “extreme” road shadowing conditions, respectively, give the phase fluctuation distribution. Over the range 5% to 95%, the phases are within ± 15° relative to the median. Hence, the influence of phase fluctuations on demodulation techniques at the elevation angle considered (e.g., 51°) is minimal and LMSS channel characteristics can be estimated without considering phase. At lower elevation angles (e.g., smaller than 20°), this may not be the case. 5.11 References Butt, G., M., A. N. Parks, and B. G. Evans [1995], “Narrowband and Wideband Characterisation of Satellite Mobile/PCN Channel,” International Mobile Satellite Conference, IMSC ’95, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, pp. 128-133. Goldhirsh, J. and W. J. Vogel [1989], “Mobile Satellite System Fade Statistics for Shadowing and Multipath from Roadside Trees at UHF and L-Band,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 37, No. 4, April, pp. 489-498. Hase, Y., W. J. Vogel, and J. Goldhirsh [1991], “Fade-Durations Derived from Land- Mobile-Satellite Measurements in Australia,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 39, No. 5, May, pp. 664-668. ITU-R [1994], “Propagation Data Required for the Design of Earth-Space Land Mobile Telecommunication Systems,” Recommendation ITU-R PN.681-1, pp. 358-365. Sforza, M. and S. Buonomo [1993], “Characterisation of the LMS Propagation Channel at L- and S-bands: Narrowband Experimental Data and Channel Modelling,” Proceedings of the Seventeenth NASA Propagation Experimenters Meeting (NAPEX XVII) and the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) Propagation Studies Miniworkshop, Pasadena, California, June 14-15, 1993 (JPL Publication 93- 21, August 1, 1993, F. Davarian; Editor).
Fade and Non-Fade Durations and Phase Spreads 5-15 Vogel, W. J., J. Goldhirsh, and Y. Hase [1992], “Land-Mobile Satellite Fade Measurements in Australia,” AIAA Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 29, No. 1, Jan-Feb, pp. 123-128.
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A2A-98-U-0-021 (APL) EERL-98-12A (E
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction __
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10 Optical Methods for Assessing Fa
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction __
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1-2 Propagation Effects for Vehicul
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Table of Contents 2 Attenuation Due
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Chapter 2 Attenuation Due to Trees:
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Attenuation Due to Trees: Static Ca
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Table of Contents 3 Attenuation Due
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Figure 3-23: Fade distributions at
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3-4 Relative Signal Level (dB) 5 0
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3-10 Percent of Distance the Fade >
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3-14 3.4.3 Austin, Texas at K-Band
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3-20 Relative Signal Level (dB) 5 0
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Earth-Satellite Propagation Effects
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Figure 9-7: Fading depth versus pat
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9-6 Roughness Parameter, u (Rad) 28
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9-8 Cθ = ( θo − 7) / 2 dB for
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9-12 Fading Depth (dB) 6 5 4 3 2 1
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9-18 Mean Fade Occurrence Interval,
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9-20 Mean Fade Duration, T D (sec)
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9-22 Fade Depth (dB) 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.
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Table of Contents 10 Optical Method
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Chapter 10 Optical Methods for Asse
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Optical Methods for Assessing Fade
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Index 13-1 Index 2 2-state Markov m
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Index 13-3 Jongejans, A. et al., 3-
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