Handbook of Propagation Effects for Vehicular and ... - Courses

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Table of Contents 9 Maritime-Mobile Satellite Propagation Effects_____________________________ 9-1 9.1 Introduction _________________________________________________________ 9-1 9.2 Early Multipath Experiments __________________________________________ 9-1 9.2.1 Ship to Satellite Fading Measurements _______________________________________ 9-1 9.2.2 Evolution of a Simplified Multipath Fading Prediction Model _____________________ 9-2 9.3 Characteristics of Multipath Fading Due to Sea Surface Reflection ___________ 9-3 9.3.1 Fundamental Concepts____________________________________________________ 9-3 9.3.2 Prediction Method of Karasawa and Shiokawa_________________________________ 9-6 9.3.3 Example Calculation _____________________________________________________ 9-8 9.4 Model of Fade Durations Due to Sea Reflections __________________________ 9-13 9.4.1 Example Calculation ____________________________________________________ 9-16 9.5 Multipath from Rough Seas and Frequency Dependence on Multipath Fading_ 9-20 9.5.1 Rough Sea Model ______________________________________________________ 9-20 9.5.2 Dependence on Frequency________________________________________________ 9-21 9.6 Other Maritime Investigations_________________________________________ 9-22 9.6.1 Experimental Measurements in Japan during 1980 and 1983 _____________________ 9-22 9.6.2 Extension of the Kirchhoff Classical Model __________________________________ 9-23 9.6.3 K/Ka-Band Maritime Experiments _________________________________________ 9-23 9.7 Summary and Recommendations ______________________________________ 9-23 9.7.1 Fading Depth Due to Sea Surface Reflections_________________________________ 9-23 9.7.2 Fading Depth Durations and Occurrence Intervals _____________________________ 9-24 9.7.3 Fading Depth Dependence on Frequency and Significant Wave Height_____________ 9-24 9.8 References _________________________________________________________ 9-24 Table of Figures Figure 9-1: Fading depth versus total multipath power relative to the direct signal level for different exceedance probabilities (of the incoherent level) based on the Nakagami-Rice distribution........... 9-5 Figure 9-2: Roughness parameter versus significant wave height (lower abscissa) and RMS wave height (upper abscissa). ................................................................................................................ 9-6 Figure 9-3: Fading depth versus path elevation angle at different exceedance probabilities assuming an antenna gain G0 = 0 dBi, 1.5 GHz and circular polarization..................................................... 9-10 Figure 9-4: Fading depth versus path elevation angle at different exceedance probabilities assuming an antenna gain G0 = 5 dBi, 1.5 GHz, and circular polarization.................................................... 9-10 Figure 9-5: Fading depth versus path elevation angle at different exceedance probabilities assuming an antenna gain G0 = 10 dBi, 1.5 GHz, and circular polarization.................................................. 9-11 Figure 9-6: Fading depth versus path elevation angle at different exceedance probabilities assuming an antenna gain G0 = 15 dBi, 1.5 GHz, and circular polarization.................................................. 9-11 9-i
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A2A-98-U-0-021 (APL) EERL-98-12A (E
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction __
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10 Optical Methods for Assessing Fa
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction __
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1-2 Propagation Effects for Vehicul
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Table of Contents 2 Attenuation Due
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Chapter 2 Attenuation Due to Trees:
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Attenuation Due to Trees: Static Ca
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Table of Contents 3 Attenuation Due
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Figure 3-23: Fade distributions at
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3-4 Relative Signal Level (dB) 5 0
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3-10 Percent of Distance the Fade >
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3-12 Propagation Effects for Vehicu
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3-14 3.4.3 Austin, Texas at K-Band
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3-20 Relative Signal Level (dB) 5 0
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3-24 Percentage of Distance Fade >
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3-26 and where 1 2 Propagation Effe
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3-28 Percentage of the Time Fade >
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3-32 3.7.5 Comparative Summary of M
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Chapter 4 Signal Degradation for Li
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Table of Tables Table 4-1: Summary
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4-4 Percentage of Distance Fade > A
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4-14 Percentage of Distance or Time
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Table of Contents 5 Fade and Non-Fa
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Chapter 5 Fade and Non-Fade Duratio
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Fade and Non-Fade Durations and Pha
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Table of Contents 6 Polarization, A
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Chapter 6 Polarization, Antenna Gai
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Polarization, Antenna Gain and Dive
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Table of Contents 7 Investigations
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was derived from measurements over
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7-6 7.3 Belgium (PROSAT Experiment)
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7-10 Probability Fade > Abscissa (%
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7-14 Percentage of Time Fade > Absc
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Page 189 and 190: Earth-Satellite Propagation Effects
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10-18 Propagation Effects for Vehic
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Chapter 11 Theoretical Modeling Con
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Table of Figures Figure 11-1: Proba
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11-10 11.3.2.1 Discussion Propagati
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11-12 Usually, the K factor is quot
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11-18 and [ 10 ( K ) ] Propagation
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11-22 11.4.5.1 Discussion Propagati
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11-24 11.5.1 Single Object Models 1
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11-28 11.5.2.2 Three-Dimensional Mo
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Chapter 12 Summary of Recommendatio
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12.10.2 Probability Distributions a
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Chapter 12 Summary of Recommendatio
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Summary of Recommendations 12-3 the
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Summary of Recommendations 12-5 tha
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Summary of Recommendations 12-7 12.
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Summary of Recommendations 12-9 12.
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Summary of Recommendations 12-11 Di
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Summary of Recommendations 12-13 12
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Summary of Recommendations 12-17 C
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Summary of Recommendations 12-21 pr
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Index
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13-2 Doppler spectrum, 11-4, 11-29
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13-4 S Sandrin, W. A., and D. J. Fa
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