Handbook of Propagation Effects for Vehicular and ... - Courses

10-6
Propagation Effects for Vehicular and Personal Mobile Satellite Systems
probability of 34%. Also shown in Figure 10-4 is the “fitted” distribution (long-dashed
curve) based on the photogrammetrically measured path state mixture corresponding to
the measurements of Akturan and Vogel [1997], who found a path-state mixture vector of
M =< 051 . , 0. 07, 0. 42 > . (10-7)
To achieve a best fit, the values of the parameters of (10-2) through (10-5) were adjusted
(4 th column of Table 10-3) for the two most prevalent states (C and B). The “fitted”
three-state model gives a peak error of 2.5 dB (Figure 10-4) and an RMS error of 1.1 dB
over the 5% to 95% range.
Table 10-3: Fade parameters of the three-state fade model.
Fade State PDF
Type
Karasawa
[Karasawa et al.,
1994]
“Fitted”
3-State
Urban
3-State
C Rice
K 6.3 (8 dB) 5.9 (7.7 dB) 5.9 (7.7 dB)
S Loo
K
m
σ
20 (13 dB)
10 (10 dB)
2 (3 dB)
20 (13 dB)
10 (10 dB)
2 (3 dB)
B Rayleigh
K 100 (20 dB) 49 (16.9 dB)
B Loo
K
m
σ
20 (13 dB)
10 (10 dB)
2 (3 dB)
501 (27 dB)
100 (20 dB)
5.4 (7.3 dB)
RMS Error 1.3 dB 1.1 dB 0.5 dB