Handbook of Propagation Effects for Vehicular and ... - Courses

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7-20 Percentage of Distance Fade > Abscissa 100 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 10 9 8 7 6 5 1 4 3 2 Propagation Effects for Vehicular and Personal Mobile Satellite Systems Legend 295 S,RL,HR 295 N, RL, HR 295 S, LL, HR 295 N, LL, HR 108 SW, HL 108 NE, HL 32 N, HL 32 S, HL EERS Predicted 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Fade (dB) Figure 7-23: Cumulative distributions for eight roads in central Maryland at 1.5 GHz and 45° elevation obtained from measurements employing a helicopter transmitter platform. Solid curve is EERS model prediction [Goldhirsh and Vogel, 1995]. Percentage of Distance Fade > Abscissa 100 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 10 9 8 7 6 5 1 4 3 2 Legend 295 S, RL, HR 295 N, RL, HR 295 S, LL, HR 295 N, LL, HR 108 SW, HL 108 NE, HL 32 N, HL 32 S, HL EERS Predicted 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Fade (dB) Figure 7-24: Cumulative distributions for eight roads in central Maryland at 1.5 GHz and 60° elevation obtained from measurements employing a helicopter transmitter platform. Solid curve is EERS model prediction [Goldhirsh and Vogel, 1995].
Investigations from Different Countries 7-21 Vaisnys and Vogel [1995] report on measurements conducted on December 15 and 16, 1994 in Pasadena, California. A CW tone at 2.05 GHz emanating from the geostationary Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) satellite located at 171° West resulted in an elevation of angle of 21°. One of the runs was comprised of a 33 km round trip drive. It passed through a mixed environment consisting of buildings, trees, medium width and wide four-lane streets with trees at varying distances from the roadway, two tunnels, above street-level freeway with occasional overpasses, commercial areas, and residential streets heavily shaded with trees. The fade-time series representation and cumulative fade distribution for this run are given in Figure 7-25 and Figure 7-26, respectively. Signal Level Relative Clear Path - dBi 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 One-Second Interval Maximum Average Minimum 9.7 9.8 9.9 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Time - h Figure 7-25: Fade-time series for Pasadena 33 km run [Vaisnys and Vogel, 1995].
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A2A-98-U-0-021 (APL) EERL-98-12A (E
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction __
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10 Optical Methods for Assessing Fa
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction __
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1-2 Propagation Effects for Vehicul
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Table of Contents 2 Attenuation Due
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Chapter 2 Attenuation Due to Trees:
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Attenuation Due to Trees: Static Ca
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Table of Contents 3 Attenuation Due
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Figure 3-23: Fade distributions at
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3-4 Relative Signal Level (dB) 5 0
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3-10 Percent of Distance the Fade >
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3-12 Propagation Effects for Vehicu
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3-14 3.4.3 Austin, Texas at K-Band
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3-20 Relative Signal Level (dB) 5 0
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3-24 Percentage of Distance Fade >
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3-26 and where 1 2 Propagation Effe
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3-28 Percentage of the Time Fade >
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3-32 3.7.5 Comparative Summary of M
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Chapter 4 Signal Degradation for Li
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Table of Tables Table 4-1: Summary
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4-4 Percentage of Distance Fade > A
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4-8 Percentage of Distance Fade > A
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4-14 Percentage of Distance or Time
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Table of Contents 5 Fade and Non-Fa
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Chapter 5 Fade and Non-Fade Duratio
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Fade and Non-Fade Durations and Pha
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Earth-Satellite Propagation Effects
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Chapter 9 Maritime-Mobile Satellite
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Figure 9-7: Fading depth versus pat
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9-6 Roughness Parameter, u (Rad) 28
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9-8 Cθ = ( θo − 7) / 2 dB for
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9-10 Fading Depth (dB) 6 5 4 3 2 1
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9-12 Fading Depth (dB) 6 5 4 3 2 1
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9-18 Mean Fade Occurrence Interval,
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9-20 Mean Fade Duration, T D (sec)
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9-22 Fade Depth (dB) 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.
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Table of Contents 10 Optical Method
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Chapter 10 Optical Methods for Asse
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Optical Methods for Assessing Fade
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Table of Contents 11 Theoretical Mo
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Chapter 11 Theoretical Modeling Con
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Theoretical Modeling Considerations
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Table of Contents 12 Summary of Rec
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Table 12-7: Tabulation of azimuth a
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12-10 12.6.5 Satellite Diversity Pr
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12-12 Propagation Effects for Vehic
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12-14 Standard Deviation (dB) 4 3 2
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12-18 Fade Depth (dB) 7.0 6.5 6.0 5
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Index 13-1 Index 2 2-state Markov m
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Index 13-3 Jongejans, A. et al., 3-
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