Handbook of Propagation Effects for Vehicular and ... - Courses

Table of Contents
8 Earth-Satellite Propagation Effects Inside Buildings _______________________ 8-1
8.1 Background _________________________________________________________ 8-1
8.2 Satellite Radio Reception Inside Buildings from 700 MHz to 1800 MHz________ 8-2
8.2.1 Experimental Features ____________________________________________________ 8-2
8.2.2 Multipath Interference During Frequency and Position Sweep_____________________ 8-3
8.2.3 Time Delay Distributions _________________________________________________ 8-4
8.2.4 Cumulative Distributions of Signal Levels ____________________________________ 8-5
8.2.5 Frequency Dependence of Probability________________________________________ 8-8
8.2.6 Space Diversity Considerations_____________________________________________ 8-9
8.2.7 Bandwidth Distortion Considerations _______________________________________ 8-10
8.3 Slant-Path Building Penetration Measurements at L- and S-Band ___________ 8-12
8.3.1 Experimental Description ________________________________________________ 8-12
8.3.2 Stability of Measurement_________________________________________________ 8-13
8.3.3 Space Variability _______________________________________________________ 8-14
8.3.4 Frequency Variability ___________________________________________________ 8-18
8.4 Slant-Path Building Attenuation Measurements from 0.5 to 3 GHz __________ 8-21
8.4.1 Experimental Description ________________________________________________ 8-22
8.4.2 Average Signal Levels over Frequency Band and Positions ______________________ 8-22
8.4.3 Distance and Frequency Dependence _______________________________________ 8-24
8.4.4 Spatial Autocorrelation Characteristics ______________________________________ 8-25
8.4.5 Relative Signal Loss Versus Frequency______________________________________ 8-27
8.5 Building Attenuation at UHF, L- and S-Band Via Earth-Satellite Measurements8-29
8.5.1 Experimental Results____________________________________________________ 8-30
8.6 Attenuation of 900 MHz Radio Waves by Metal Building __________________ 8-31
8.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks ____________________________________ 8-31
8.7.1 Required Fade Margins __________________________________________________ 8-31
8.7.2 Fading Dependence on Frequency__________________________________________ 8-32
8.7.2.1 Small and Large Bandwidths Effects _____________________________________ 8-32
8.7.2.2 Cumulative Distribution Dependence on Frequency _________________________ 8-33
8.7.2.3 Distortion Due to Bandwidth ___________________________________________ 8-33
8.7.2.4 Frequency Correlation ________________________________________________ 8-33
8.7.3 Fading Effects Due to Antenna Position _____________________________________ 8-33
8.7.3.1 Antenna Spacing between Maximum and Minimum Signal Levels ______________ 8-33
8.7.3.2 Signal Variability Due to Antenna Positioning______________________________ 8-34
8.7.3.3 Spatial Decorrelation Distances _________________________________________ 8-34
8.7.4 Effects Caused by the Human Body ________________________________________ 8-34
8.8 References _______________________________________________________ 8-34
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