Handbook of Propagation Effects for Vehicular and ... - Courses

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8-10 Relative Signal Level (dB) 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 -14 -16 -18 -20 -22 -24 -26 -28 -30 -32 -34 Propagation Effects for Vehicular and Personal Mobile Satellite Systems Frequency 725.3 MHz 729.7 MHz 735.2 MHz 739.6 MHz 745.1 MHz 749.5 MHz 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Distance (cm) Figure 8-5: Relative signal level versus vertical measurement distance at six frequencies spaced approximately 5 MHz apart. (Site 2). 8.2.7 Bandwidth Distortion Considerations At relative signal levels down to approximately -15 dB, the multipath delays tended to be less than 100 ns consistent with the results in Figure 8-2. We may imply from this result that contemplated systems with bandwidths of up to about 1 MHz should not be adversely affected by signal distortion. Vogel and Torrence executed an investigation to establish the expected levels of signal distortion one might encounter by examining the losses at various bandwidths ranging from 2 MHz to 90 MHz. The signal distortion was described in terms of the standard deviation of the deviations relative to the mean signal loss at each bandwidth. Since the standard deviation was found to be frequency insensitive, the results were combined over each frequency interval considered (e.g., 700 to 800 MHz, 800 to 900 MHz, … 1700 to 1800 MHz), and are shown plotted in Figure 8-6 for the “average” and “best” cases for Site 4. It is noted that at a 2 MHz bandwidth the standard deviation is approximately 0.5 dB, whereas the deviations become considerably larger at 90 MHz, ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 dB.
Earth-Satellite Propagation Effects Inside Buildings 8-11 Standard Deviation (dB) 4 3 2 1 0 Average Case Best Case 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 10 100 Bandwidth (MHz) Figure 8-6: Standard deviation versus bandwidth for Site 4 for the “average” and “best” cases. The standard deviation was found to follow the regression relations for each site as given by: Average Case Best Case STD = α log(BW ) (8-4) STD γ 2 = β log( BW ) + (log( BW )) (8-5) where α, β, γ, are tabulated in Table 8-6 for the various site locations, STD is the standard deviation given in dB, and BW is the bandwidth given in MHz (2 to 90 MHz).
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A2A-98-U-0-021 (APL) EERL-98-12A (E
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction __
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10 Optical Methods for Assessing Fa
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction __
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1-2 Propagation Effects for Vehicul
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Table of Contents 2 Attenuation Due
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Chapter 2 Attenuation Due to Trees:
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Attenuation Due to Trees: Static Ca
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Table of Contents 3 Attenuation Due
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Figure 3-23: Fade distributions at
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3-4 Relative Signal Level (dB) 5 0
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3-10 Percent of Distance the Fade >
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3-12 Propagation Effects for Vehicu
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3-14 3.4.3 Austin, Texas at K-Band
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3-20 Relative Signal Level (dB) 5 0
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3-24 Percentage of Distance Fade >
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3-26 and where 1 2 Propagation Effe
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3-28 Percentage of the Time Fade >
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3-32 3.7.5 Comparative Summary of M
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Chapter 4 Signal Degradation for Li
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Table of Tables Table 4-1: Summary
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4-4 Percentage of Distance Fade > A
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4-8 Percentage of Distance Fade > A
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4-14 Percentage of Distance or Time
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Table of Contents 5 Fade and Non-Fa
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Chapter 5 Fade and Non-Fade Duratio
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Fade and Non-Fade Durations and Pha
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Table of Contents 6 Polarization, A
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Chapter 6 Polarization, Antenna Gai
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Polarization, Antenna Gain and Dive
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9-20 Mean Fade Duration, T D (sec)
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9-22 Fade Depth (dB) 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.
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Table of Contents 10 Optical Method
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Chapter 10 Optical Methods for Asse
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Optical Methods for Assessing Fade
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Table of Contents 11 Theoretical Mo
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Chapter 11 Theoretical Modeling Con
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Theoretical Modeling Considerations
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Table of Contents 12 Summary of Rec
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Table 12-7: Tabulation of azimuth a
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12-10 12.6.5 Satellite Diversity Pr
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12-12 Propagation Effects for Vehic
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12-14 Standard Deviation (dB) 4 3 2
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12-18 Fade Depth (dB) 7.0 6.5 6.0 5
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Index 13-1 Index 2 2-state Markov m
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Index 13-3 Jongejans, A. et al., 3-
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