Handbook of Propagation Effects for Vehicular and ... - Courses

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12.10.2 Probability Distributions and Diversity Gains _____________________________ 12-20 12.10.3 Suggestions for Future Work __________________________________________ 12-20 12.11 Theoretical Modeling Considerations (Chapter 11) ____________________ 12-20 12.11.1 Choosing a Model___________________________________________________ 12-21 12.11.1.1 Empirical Regression Models _______________________________________ 12-21 12.11.1.2 Statistical Models_________________________________________________ 12-21 12.11.1.3 Analytical Models ________________________________________________ 12-21 12.11.2 Suggestions for Future Work_______________________________________ 12-21 Table of Figures Figure 12-1: Family of cumulative fade distribution curves derived from application of the EERS model at 1.5 GHz. ...................................................................................................................... 12-4 Figure 12-2: Diversity gain versus antenna separation distance at 1.6 GHz for a family of single terminal fade margins for tree-lined road scenarios...................................................................... 12-9 Figure 12-3: Cumulative fade distributions at 1.6 GHz for the simulated Globalstar constellation of satellites assuming combining diversity for urban Japan............................................................ 12-10 Figure 12-4: Diversity gains achieved through satellite pointing methods as a function of the fade exceedance probability. These curves were derived by simulating the Globalstar constellation of satellites for urban Japan at 1.6 GHz..................................................................................... 12-11 Figure 12-5: Median, 95%, and 5% fade levels of the relative power losses inside six buildings at Land S-Bands. ............................................................................................................................ 12-13 Figure 12-6: Standard deviation of signal fading versus-Bandwidth for UHF to L-Band frequencies for inside building measurements.............................................................................................. 12-14 Figure 12-7: Fading depth versus significant wave height at 3, 5, and 10 GHz in the region where incoherent multipath dominates. ............................................................................................... 12-18 Table of Tables Table 12-1: Non-fade duration regression values of β, γ satisfying the power expression (12-15) at a 5 dB threshold for road types exhibiting “moderate” and “extreme” shadowing at a path elevation angle of 51° (f = 1.5 GHz). .......................................................................................... 12-7 Table 12-2: Listing of polynomial coefficients characterizing phase fluctuation distributions of the form (12-16) for road types exhibiting “moderate” and “extreme” shadowing and a 5 dB fade threshold. ................................................................................................................................... 12-8 Table 12-3: Fade level ranges at the 1% and 10% probabilities derived from measured distributions which were culled in terms of frequency and elevation angle..................................................... 12-12 Table 12-4: Fresnel reflection coefficient values of the sea at 1.5 GHz for various polarizations......... 12-16 Table 12-5: Parameters α, β at the given probabilities that fit (12-27) representing the Nakagami- Ricean Distribution................................................................................................................... 12-17 Table 12-6: Fade parameters of the Urban Three-State Fade Model. .................................................. 12-19 12-ii
Table 12-7: Tabulation of azimuth averaged values of C S , , and B in (12-28) for different elevation angle intervals for urban Japan................................................................................... 12-20 12-iii
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A2A-98-U-0-021 (APL) EERL-98-12A (E
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction __
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10 Optical Methods for Assessing Fa
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction __
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1-2 Propagation Effects for Vehicul
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Table of Contents 2 Attenuation Due
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Chapter 2 Attenuation Due to Trees:
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Attenuation Due to Trees: Static Ca
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Table of Contents 3 Attenuation Due
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Figure 3-23: Fade distributions at
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3-4 Relative Signal Level (dB) 5 0
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3-10 Percent of Distance the Fade >
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3-12 Propagation Effects for Vehicu
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3-14 3.4.3 Austin, Texas at K-Band
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3-20 Relative Signal Level (dB) 5 0
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3-24 Percentage of Distance Fade >
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3-26 and where 1 2 Propagation Effe
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3-28 Percentage of the Time Fade >
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3-32 3.7.5 Comparative Summary of M
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Chapter 4 Signal Degradation for Li
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Table of Tables Table 4-1: Summary
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4-4 Percentage of Distance Fade > A
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4-14 Percentage of Distance or Time
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Table of Contents 5 Fade and Non-Fa
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Chapter 5 Fade and Non-Fade Duratio
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Fade and Non-Fade Durations and Pha
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Table of Contents 6 Polarization, A
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Chapter 6 Polarization, Antenna Gai
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Polarization, Antenna Gain and Dive
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Table of Contents 7 Investigations
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was derived from measurements over
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7-6 7.3 Belgium (PROSAT Experiment)
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7-10 Probability Fade > Abscissa (%
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7-14 Percentage of Time Fade > Absc
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7-24 Probability (%) > Abscissa 100
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Chapter 8 Earth-Satellite Propagati
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Table of Figures Figure 8-1: Maximu
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Chapter 8 Earth-Satellite Propagati
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Earth-Satellite Propagation Effects
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Chapter 9 Maritime-Mobile Satellite
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Figure 9-7: Fading depth versus pat
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9-6 Roughness Parameter, u (Rad) 28
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9-8 Cθ = ( θo − 7) / 2 dB for
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9-10 Fading Depth (dB) 6 5 4 3 2 1
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9-12 Fading Depth (dB) 6 5 4 3 2 1
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9-18 Mean Fade Occurrence Interval,
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9-20 Mean Fade Duration, T D (sec)
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9-22 Fade Depth (dB) 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.
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Table of Contents 10 Optical Method
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Chapter 10 Optical Methods for Asse
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Optical Methods for Assessing Fade
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