Handbook of Propagation Effects for Vehicular and ... - Courses

9-24
Propagation Effects for Vehicular and Personal Mobile Satellite Systems
Vertical polarization may be employed at elevation angles above 8°. At lower angles,
errors due to Brewster angle effects may arise.
9.7.2 Fading Depth Durations and Occurrence Intervals
The procedures outlined by (9-28) through (9-32) may be employed to establish the
bounds of the mean fading occurrence interval and the mean fading depth for circular
polarization at L-Band. Figure 9-12 through Figure 9-14 depict the bounds for the mean
fading occurrence interval as a function of elevation angle at fade exceedance
percentages of 99%, 95%, and 90%, respectively. Figure 9-15 through Figure 9-17 give
the bounds for the mean fade duration intervals as a function of elevation angle at the
same percentages.
9.7.3 Fading Depth Dependence on Frequency and Significant Wave Height
Figure 9-18 and Figure 9-19 describe the dependence of fading at different frequencies as
a function of significant wave height. Figure 9-18 shows contours of fading depth
isopleths at frequencies ranging from 1 to 10 GHz and significant wave heights up to
3 m. Figure 9-19 gives the fading depths versus significant wave height at 3 GHz,
5 GHz, and 10 GHz derived from Figure 9-18.
9.8 References
Abbe, B., M. Agan, and T. Jedrey [1996], “ACTS mobile terminals,” International
Journal of Satellite Communications, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 175-190, January.
Beard, C. I. [1961], “Coherent and Incoherent Scattering of Microwaves from the
Ocean,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-9, Sept.
Beckmann, P. and A. Spizzichino [1963], “The Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves
from Rough Surfaces,” Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.
Brown, G. S. [1980], “Backscattering from a Gaussian-distributed perfectly conducting
rough surface,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-26, pp.
472-482, May (see correction in ibidem, Vol. AP-28, pp. 943-946, Nov. 1980).
CCIR [1990], “Propagation Data for Maritime Mobile-Satellite Systems for Frequencies
Above 100 MHz,” Reports of the CCIR, Annex to Volume V, Propagation in Non-
Ionized Media, Report 884-2, pp. 515-535. (International Radio Consultative
Committee, XVIIth Plenary Assembly, Dusseldorf, 1990; International
Telecommunications Union, Geneva, 1990).
Fang, D. J., F. T. Tseng and T. O. Calvit [1982a], “A Low Elevation Angle Propagation
Measurement of 1.5 GHz Satellite Signals in the Gulf of Mexico,” IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-30, No. 1, Jan., pp. 10-15.
Fang, D. J., F. T. Tseng, and T. O. Calvit [1982b], “A Measurement of the Marisat L-
Band Signals at Low Elevation Angles Onboard Mobil Aero,” IEEE Transactions on
Communications, Vol. COM-30, No. 2, Feb., pp. 359-365.