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8-14 Relative Signal Level (dB) 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 S-Band Co-Polarization S-Band Cross-Polarization Propagation Effects for Vehicular and Personal Mobile Satellite Systems L-Band Co-Polarization L-Band Cross-Polarization 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Relative Time (s) Figure 8-7: Example of 50 s time series of relative signal level measured at the Commons for both co-polarized and cross-polarized levels and fixed antenna positions. 8.3.3 Space Variability Figure 8-8 illustrates the spatial variation of power levels received at 1618 and 2492 MHz with co-polarized and cross-polarized antennas as a function of position inside the Commons Building, and Figure 8-9 summarizes the statistics for the median, 5%, and 95% levels for all the site locations. Table 8-8 lists the median values for the L- and S-Band frequencies as well as the overall average median at these wavelengths. Table 8- 9 and Table 8-10 also summarize the mean and standard deviation for the six site locations for the co-polarized and cross-polarized cases, respectively. We note from Table 8-8 and Table 8-9 that the overall average median and mean power levels show 1.0 dB and 0.5 dB larger fades at S-Band relative to L-Band. In fact, for some of the sites the fading at L-Band is larger than at S-Band. We may conclude from these results that a small difference in the fading exists at the two frequencies. The relative attenuation at L- and S-Bands is complicated in that the fading into buildings depends both on the absorption by building materials and the reflection and scattering properties of the building skeleton and ambient obstacles. A steel mesh, for example, may be less transmissive at the longer L-Band wavelength than at the shorter S-Band wavelength, resulting in smaller attenuation for the latter. On average, the overall mean powers (over all site locations) are -14.6 dB and -15.1 dB at L- and S-Bands, respectively, with a standard deviation of 6.5 dB at both wavelengths. It is also interesting to note that the power losses are for the most part uncorrelated, as the average correlation coefficient is 0.28.
Earth-Satellite Propagation Effects Inside Buildings 8-15 L-Band Signal Level Relative to Copolarized Clear Path (dB) L-Band Signal Level Relative to Copolarized Clear Path (dB) 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 -55 -60 -40 -1 2 5 8 11 14 17 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 -55 1618 MHz 2492 MHz Position (m) -60 -40 -1 2 5 8 11 14 17 Position (m) 1618 MHz 2492 MHz 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 S-Band Signal Level Relative to Copolarized Clear Path (dB) S-Band Signal Level Relative to Copolarized Clear Path (dB) Figure 8-8: Received power levels at 1618 MHz and 2492 MHz inside the Commons. The co-polarized and cross-polarized levels are the upper and lower figures, respectively. The upper traces represent L-Band (left scale) and lower traces S-Band (right scale).
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A2A-98-U-0-021 (APL) EERL-98-12A (E
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction __
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10 Optical Methods for Assessing Fa
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction __
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1-2 Propagation Effects for Vehicul
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Table of Contents 2 Attenuation Due
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Chapter 2 Attenuation Due to Trees:
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Attenuation Due to Trees: Static Ca
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Table of Contents 3 Attenuation Due
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Figure 3-23: Fade distributions at
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3-4 Relative Signal Level (dB) 5 0
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3-10 Percent of Distance the Fade >
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3-12 Propagation Effects for Vehicu
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3-14 3.4.3 Austin, Texas at K-Band
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3-20 Relative Signal Level (dB) 5 0
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3-24 Percentage of Distance Fade >
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3-26 and where 1 2 Propagation Effe
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3-28 Percentage of the Time Fade >
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3-32 3.7.5 Comparative Summary of M
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Chapter 4 Signal Degradation for Li
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Table of Tables Table 4-1: Summary
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4-4 Percentage of Distance Fade > A
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4-8 Percentage of Distance Fade > A
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4-14 Percentage of Distance or Time
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Table of Contents 5 Fade and Non-Fa
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Chapter 5 Fade and Non-Fade Duratio
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Fade and Non-Fade Durations and Pha
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Table of Contents 6 Polarization, A
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Chapter 6 Polarization, Antenna Gai
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Polarization, Antenna Gain and Dive
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Table of Contents 7 Investigations
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Table of Contents 10 Optical Method
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Chapter 10 Optical Methods for Asse
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Optical Methods for Assessing Fade
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Table of Contents 11 Theoretical Mo
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Chapter 11 Theoretical Modeling Con
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Theoretical Modeling Considerations
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Table of Contents 12 Summary of Rec
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Table 12-7: Tabulation of azimuth a
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12-10 12.6.5 Satellite Diversity Pr
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12-14 Standard Deviation (dB) 4 3 2
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12-18 Fade Depth (dB) 7.0 6.5 6.0 5
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Index 13-1 Index 2 2-state Markov m
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Index 13-3 Jongejans, A. et al., 3-
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