Handbook of Propagation Effects for Vehicular and ... - Courses

10-18
Propagation Effects for Vehicular and Personal Mobile Satellite Systems
gives a family of cumulative fade distributions for satellite elevation angles ranging
between 2° and 87° as shown in Figure 10-5.
Assuming the Globalstar constellation of satellites, cumulative fade distributions for
various diversity scenarios are given in Figure 10-10, Figure 10-11 and Figure 10-12 for
Tokyo, London, and Singapore. Corresponding diversity gain results for both
“combining” and “hand-off” diversity are given in Figure 10-13, and Figure 10-14.
These curves were derived under the assumption that London and Singapore has the same
urban state characteristics as Tokyo (measured). These figures show that combining
diversity may buy approximately 1 dB in fade margin relative to hand-off diversity.
It is recommended that detailed measurements of the state characteristics are made
at other locations around the world and cumulative fade distributions are derived
independently without relying on the assumptions of the Tokyo measurements. Until
such results are available the results given in this chapter should be used along with the
stated caveats.
10.10 References
Akturan, R. and W. J. Vogel [1994], “Photogrammetric Mobile Satellite Service
Prediction,” Proceedings of the Eighteenth NASA Propagation Experimenters
Meeting (NAPEX XVIII) and the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite
(ACTS) Propagation Studies Mini-Workshop, Vancouver, British Columbia, June
16-17, pp. 159-163. (JPL Publication 94-19; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California).
Akturan, R. and W. J. Vogel [1995], “Optically Derived Elevation Angle Dependence of
Fading for Satellite PCS,” Proceedings of the Nineteenth NASA Propagation
Experimenters Meeting (NAPEX XIX) and the Seventh Advanced Communications
Technology Satellite (ACTS) Propagation Studies Workshop (APSW VII), Fort
Collins, Colorado, June 14-16, pp. 127-132. (JPL Publication 95-15; Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California).
Akturan, R. and W. J. Vogel [1995a], “Photogrammetric Mobile Satellite Service
Prediction,” Electronics Letters, February 2, Vol. 31, No. 31, pp. 165-166.
Akturan, R. and W. J. Vogel [1995b], “Elevation Angle Dependence of Fading for
Satellite PCS in Urban Areas,” Electronics Letters, December 7, 1995, Vol. 31, No.
25, pp. 2156-2157.
Akturan, R. and W. J. Vogel [1997], “Path Diversity for LEO Satellite-PCS in the Urban
Environment,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 45, No. 7, pp.
1107-1116.
Bovik, A. C. [1991], “Digital Image Processing,” The University of Texas at Austin,
Austin, Texas.
Karasawa, Y., K. Minamisono, and T. Matsudo [1995], “A Propagation Channel Model
for Personal Mobile-Satellite Services,” in Proceedings of Progress of
Electromagnetic Research Symposium of the European Space Agency (ESA),
Noordwijk, The Netherlands, July, pp. 11-15.