Handbook of Propagation Effects for Vehicular and ... - Courses

Table of Figures
Figure 11-1: Probability distributions for LS-SS model for family of elevation angles and indicated
small-scale probabilities PS......................................................................................................... 11-9
Figure 11-2: Typical fade distributions calculated from the Simplified Lognormal Shadowing
K = 22 dB,
K = 18dB,
m = −1dB,
s = 0.
5dB
and heavy
Model for light ( )
( K 13 dB,
K = 12dB,
m = −10dB,
s = 3.
5dB)
= shadowing, and for infrequent (I; S = 0.25),
moderate (M; S = 0.5), and frequent (F; S = 0.75) shadowing occurrences................................. 11-21
Figure 11-3: Typical fade distributions calculated from the Simplified Lognormal Shadowing
Model for medium ( K = 17 . 5dB,
K = 15dB,
m = −5.
5dB,
s = 2dB)
shadowing, and for
infrequent (I; S = 0.25), moderate (M; S = 0.5), and frequent (F; S = 0.75) shadowing
occurrences. ............................................................................................................................. 11-21
Figure 11-4: Propagation geometry for single object scattering in which a vehicle traveling at a
speed v carries an antenna with a given pattern along the x-axis................................................. 11-24
Figure 11-5: Measured L-Band signal level and phase fluctuations as a function of time relative to
arbitrary reference as receiving vehicle passes by a wooden utility pole with a metal crossbar.
The vehicle’s closest approach to the pole occurs at about 0.6 s................................................. 11-26
Figure 11-6: Calculated L-Band signal level and phase fluctuations as a function of time for the
geometry of Figure 11-5. .......................................................................................................... 11-26
Figure 11-7: Calculated Doppler spectrum due to single multipath reflector averaged over one
second, while the vehicle is driving past the scatterer. ............................................................... 11-29
Table of Tables
Table 11-1: Parameter Definition and Values for Hess Model.............................................................. 11-7
Table 11-2: Coefficients in LS-SS Fade Model.................................................................................... 11-7
Table 11-3: Parameters for Loo's Model............................................................................................ 11-15
Table 11-4: Typical Parameters for Total Shadowing Model of Lutz et al. [1986] .............................. 11-18
Table 11-5: Parameter Values for the Lognormal Shadowing Model.................................................. 11-19
Table 11-6: Parameters for 2-State Model ......................................................................................... 11-22
11-ii