Handbook of Propagation Effects for Vehicular and ... - Courses

Table of Figures
Figure 8-1: Maximum and minimum relative signal levels (thin lines) in a composite vertical scan
of 80 cm and frequency sweep over the indicated frequency interval for Site 2. Thick curve
corresponds to fixed receiver antenna versus frequency example [Vogel and Torrence, 1993]........ 8-4
Figure 8-2: Approximate cumulative distributions of time delay at three locations. ................................ 8-5
Figure 8-3: Cumulative probabilities of relative signal level as a function of frequency for Site 2.
The database reflects measurements taken at 16 positions for 80 cm vertical scans at several
locations and seven bandwidths .................................................................................................... 8-6
Figure 8-4: Example cumulative distributions of relative signal loss for Site 2 based on model
described by (8-1) through (8-3). .................................................................................................. 8-9
Figure 8-5: Relative signal level versus vertical measurement distance at six frequencies spaced
approximately 5 MHz apart. (Site 2). .......................................................................................... 8-10
Figure 8-6: Standard deviation versus bandwidth for Site 4 for the “average” and “best” cases............. 8-11
Figure 8-7: Example of 50 s time series of relative signal level measured at the Commons for both
co-polarized and cross-polarized levels and fixed antenna positions............................................. 8-14
Figure 8-8: Received power levels at 1618 MHz and 2492 MHz inside the Commons. The copolarized
and cross-polarized levels are the upper and lower figures, respectively. The upper
traces represent L-Band (left scale) and lower traces S-Band (right scale).................................... 8-15
Figure 8-9: Summary of statistics at L- and S-Band giving median, 95%, and 5% levels of the
relative power losses inside the six buildings for the case in which the antennas were moved
horizontally over multiple 80 cm intervals. ................................................................................. 8-16
Figure 8-10: Cumulative probability distribution of signal level difference of the instantaneous
S-Band minus the L-Band powers. The indicated straight line implies a Gaussian distribution
with a mean and standard deviation of 1.9 dB and 7.2 dB, respectively........................................ 8-18
Figure 8-11: Relative power loss variation with frequency at L-Band (upper figure) and S-Band
(lower figure) for various mean power levels over the 160 MHz bandwidth................................. 8-19
Figure 8-12: Summary statistics giving the median, 95% and 5% levels of the mean fade slope
(upper figure) and the standard deviation of the fade slope (lower figure) at the various site
locations..................................................................................................................................... 8-21
Figure 8-13: Relative signal level statistics at each of the building locations. ....................................... 8-23
Figure 8-14: Relative signal level versus position at four frequencies in the Commons......................... 8-24
Figure 8-15: Relative signal level versus position at four frequencies in the House............................... 8-25
Figure 8-16: Spatial autocorrelation versus frequency at a lag of 50 cm for EERL................................ 8-26
Figure 8-17: The spatial autocorrelation at 1625 MHz versus distance lag in Commons, EERL, and
Farmhouse. The abscissa distance is the indicated number times 0.05 m..................................... 8-26
Figure 8-18: Dependence of relative signal level with frequency in the Farmhouse. The trend slope
is shown to be -0.006 dB per MHz.............................................................................................. 8-27
Figure 8-19: Summary of trend slope statistics in the six building........................................................ 8-28
Figure 8-20: The frequency autocorrelation at a fixed location in each building for frequency lags
from 0 to 20%. The lag of 10, for example, implies 10•0.002•f (MHz)........................................ 8-29
8-ii