Handbook of Propagation Effects for Vehicular and ... - Courses

Table of Contents
7 Investigations from Different Countries __________________________________ 7-1
7.1 Background _________________________________________________________ 7-1
7.2 Measurements in Australia_____________________________________________ 7-1
7.3 Belgium (PROSAT Experiment) ________________________________________ 7-6
7.4 Measurements in Canada ______________________________________________ 7-6
7.5 Measurements in England _____________________________________________ 7-8
7.6 France and Germany: European K-Band Campaign ______________________ 7-13
7.7 Measurements in Japan ______________________________________________ 7-14
7.8 Measurements Performed in the United States ___________________________ 7-16
7.9 Summary Comments and Recommendations_____________________________ 7-26
7.10 References _________________________________________________________ 7-27
Table of Figures
Figure 7-1: Cumulative fade distributions at various elevation angles obtained by Bundrock and
Harvey [1989] for Melbourne, Australia at 1.55 GHz for a tree lined road having an 85% tree
density. ........................................................................................................................................ 7-4
Figure 7-2: Cumulative fade distributions at UHF, L-Band, and S-Band obtained by Bundrock and
Harvey [1989] for Melbourne, Australia at an elevation angle of 45° for a tree-lined road with
85% tree density........................................................................................................................... 7-5
Figure 7-3: Measurements in Australia at 40° and 51° elevation at 1.55 GHz for tree-line roads
[Vogel et al., 1992]....................................................................................................................... 7-5
Figure 7-4: Fade distribution at 1.5 GHz derived from measurements at 26° elevation in Belgium in
a hilly region with bare trees [Jongejans et al., 1986]..................................................................... 7-6
Figure 7-5: Cumulative fade distribution at UHF (870 MHz) in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada derived
from helicopter measurements in a rural region (35% woodland) [Butterworth, 1984b].................. 7-7
Figure 7-6: Cumulative fade distribution at L-Band (1.5 GHz) in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada obtained
from MARECS A satellite measurements in indicated regions at 19° elevation [Butterworth,
1984a].......................................................................................................................................... 7-8
Figure 7-7: Fade distributions (L-Band) for tree shadowed environments in England for different
elevation angles [Renduchintala et al., 1990; Smith et al., 1990].................................................... 7-9
Figure 7-8: Distributions from L-Band measurements (1.6 GHz) at various elevation angles for treelined
road [Smith et. al, 1993]....................................................................................................... 7-9
Figure 7-9: Distributions from S-Band measurements (2.6 GHz) at various elevation angles for treelined
road [Smith et. al, 1993]..................................................................................................... 7-10
7-i