Handbook of Propagation Effects for Vehicular and ... - Courses

7-2
Propagation Effects for Vehicular and Personal Mobile Satellite Systems
of the road corresponding to tree densities of 35% and 85%. Systematic measurements
were made at varying elevation angles at simultaneous frequencies of 897 MHz, 1550
MHz, and 2660 MHz employing a helicopter as the transmitter platform and a receiver
system in a mobile van. Figure 7-1 represents a set of cumulative fade distributions for
the 85% tree density case at a frequency of 1550 MHz for elevation angles of 30°, 45°,
and 60°. Figure 7-2 shows the distributions for the 85% tree density case at the three
frequencies considered for the 45° elevation.
Vogel et al. [1992] also measured cumulative fade distributions in Australia
employing the ETS-V and INMARSAT-Pacific geostationary satellites as transmitter
platforms, where the nominal elevation angles were 51° and 40°, respectively (Figure 7-
3). The road types examined were tree-lined with tree populations exceeding 55%.
Table 7-1: Listing of measurement campaigns from different countries.
Country
f
(GHz)
Australia 1.55
Australia
Fade (dB)
El
(°) P = 1% P =
10%
30 17.5 11.5
45 14 9.5
60 12 7.5
0.893 11 7.5
1.55 45 14 9.5
2.66
Australia 1.55
17.5 11.5
40 15 6
51 12 3
Fig. Environment Reference
7-1
7-2
7-3
Belgium 1.5 26 20 7.5 7-4
Canada 0.87
Canada 1.5 19
England 1.6
England 1.6
England 2.6
5 > 30 21.5
15 18 7.5
20 13 5.5
7-5
Tree-lined road.
(Tree Density =
85%)
Tree-lined road.
(Tree Density =
85%)
Tree-lined road.
(Tree Density >55%)
Tree-lined road
(bare trees)
Woodlands,
(Tree Density =
35%)
21 10.5 Suburban
20 8 7-6 Rural/Forested
11 3.5
40 9 5.5
60 7 4
40 13 7
60 9 4
80 6 2
40 14 5.5
60 12 5
80 10.5 4.5
Rural/Farmland
7-7 Tree-lined road
Bundrock, 1989
Bundrock, 1989
Vogel et al., 1992
Jongejans et al.,
1986
Butterworth, 1984b
Butterworth, 1984a
Renduchintala et al.
1990, Smith et al.,
1990
7-8 Tree-lined roads Smith et al., 1993
7-9 Tree-lined roads Smith et al., 1993