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S. KULKARNI Table 3: Percentage use of standard /9 /by caste, social class and sex WORKING CLASS MIDDLE GIRLS BOYS MEAN GIRLS BOYS MEAN CASTE SCHED 62.6 29.6 49.0 73.6 78.4 77.6 BACK 55.6 75.9 68.0 98.5 74.8 85.0 MAR 49.3 45.5 48.8 79.2 64.4 67.6 BRAH 98.4 97.3 97.8 100 89.3 93.1 MEAN 60.0 57.1 59.3 89.6 79.2 83.3 108
SOCIOLINGUISTIC VARIATION AND CHANGE IN URBAN INDIA mean % std. 'N' 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 SCH BC MAR BRAH MIDDLE CLASS Girls WORKING CLASS Girls MIDDLE CLASS Boys WORKING CLASS Boys Fig.3 Percent standard (N) by caste, social class and sex A cursory look at the table shows that overall it is the middle class children who use the standard variant of the (N) variable more frequently than the working class children; similarly, girls get higher percent standard scores than the boys in general, and the Brahmin children score higher than the non-Brahmin caste groups. Within the Brahmin group, the middle class girls are the most conservative scoring 100% on this phonological variable. Working class girls and boys get high scores too, though, strikingly, the middle class Brahmin boys get a low group score of 89.3% (refer back to fig. 2). On closer examination I found that five of the eleven boys in this group scored well short of 100%. It is interesting to note that both the middle class Brahmin boys and girls interact with non-Brahmin children in their school friendship networks. By contrast with the Brahmin group, the effect of class appears to be more distinctly marked within the non-Brahmin group, with the middle class children getting noticeably higher scores than the working class children. In the working class group, the Maratha girls and boys along with the boys from the scheduled group used the retroflex nasal variant less frequently. Among the children from middle class families (which coincide more or less with the more educated non-Brahmin families in the sample), the Backward children get the highest group score (85%) with the girls of this caste group 109
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Reading Working Papers in Linguisti
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K ALJENAIE testing ground. To what
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K ALJENAIE causative form is basica
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K ALJENAIE person diagram, the two
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K ALJENAIE 3.2 Data Analysis The sa
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K ALJENAIE Table 4 Osama’s longit
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K ALJENAIE The asterisk indicates t
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K ALJENAIE which is the transitive
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K ALJENAIE confirming Hyams (1986)
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K ALJENAIE Table 12 Sara’s realiz
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K ALJENAIE Table 15 Number of Infle
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K ALJENAIE masculine forms are cons
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K ALJENAIE Motar, A. (1969). Khasai
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P. COUTSOUGERA Plural Plural Singul
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P. COUTSOUGERA e.g. [peδja'] *[pe
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P. COUTSOUGERA Tableau 1: Opacity i
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P. COUTSOUGERA As can be seen, in r
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P. COUTSOUGERA 6.1 Selection of the
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P. COUTSOUGERA /alevr-I-a/ Tableau
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P. COUTSOUGERA different areas of t
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P. COUTSOUGERA ruled out as it viol
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P. COUTSOUGERA operation McCarthy p
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P. COUTSOUGERA Tableau 6: Applicati
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P. COUTSOUGERA References Anderson,
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R. INGHAM cognitive deficits. They
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R. INGHAM 2. Subjects and hypothese
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R. INGHAM good as their CA matches
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R. INGHAM 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30
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R. INGHAM Did the [+LD] group perfo
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Page 106 and 107: S. KULKARNI The main study includes
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Page 120 and 121: S. KULKARNI Marathi the kin term /m
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Page 124 and 125: S. KULKARNI Bapuji, B.R. (1994).
Page 126 and 127: S. KULKARNI Sastry, J.V. (1993). Re
Page 128 and 129: J. MARSHALL 2. Change versus Resist
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Page 132 and 133: J. MARSHALL anthropologists. As man
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J. MARSHALL 3. LEXREC. This is an i
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J. MARSHALL which comes nearest to
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J. MARSHALL LIFMODLEXREC 60 50 40 L
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J. MARSHALL the different tests wer
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J. MARSHALL PHOVAR = 21.1 + 0.573 A
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J. MARSHALL There is no significant
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J. MARSHALL 7.6. SOCNET as a Predic
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J. MARSHALL SOCNET is again not sig
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J. MARSHALL integrated sociolinguis
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I. SINKA, M. GARMAN AND C. SCHELLET
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