Reading Working Papers in Linguistics 4 (2000) - The University of ...

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P. KERSWILL & A. WILLIAMS språkförändring i Norden. Föredrag från ett forskarsymposium. Stockholm: Institutionen för nordiska språk, Stockholms universitet, 13-22. Watt, Dominic, & Milroy, Lesley (1999). Patterns of variation and change in three Newcastle vowels: is this dialect levelling? In Paul Foulkes & Gerard Docherty (eds.) Urban voices. Accent studies in the British Isles. London: Arnold. 25-46. Wells, John (1982). Accents of English (3 vols.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Williams, Ann & Kerswill, Paul (1997). Investigating dialect change in an English new town. In Alan Thomas (ed.) Issues and methods in dialectology. Bangor: Department of Linguistics, University of Wales, Bangor, 46-54. Williams, Ann & Kerswill, Paul (1999). Dialect levelling: change and continuity in Milton Keynes, Reading and Hull. In Paul Foulkes & Gerard Docherty (eds.) Urban voices. Accent studies in the British Isles. London: Arnold. 141-162. Yaeger-Dror, Malcah (1993). Linguistic analysis of dialect “correction” and its interaction with cognitive salience. Language Variation and Change 5: 189-224. 94
SOCIOLINGUISTIC VARIATION AND CHANGE IN URBAN INDIA Caste and Class: Reassessing their significance in investigating sociolinguistic variation and change in urban India Sonal Kulkarni Department of Linguistic Science, The University of Reading Abstract. The principle of caste, which is said to distinguish south Asia from all other societies, has gained much the same importance in social, political and academic debate as class in Britain or race in the United States. Sociolinguistic studies in India have been affected by the exclusive focus on caste as the as the basis of social stratification in India and this had led investigators in the past to hold that static, categorical ‘caste dialects’ existed in the sub-continent. Subsequently, attention was shifted to the effects of education and urbanisation in levelling out caste influence. However, the function of social class as a sociolinguistic leveller is not always clear. This, I argue in the present paper, has often been the outcome of the inclination of researchers to assume a direct correspondence between caste status and class status. This paper discusses some findings from the sociolinguistic study of 125 school-aged adolescents in the city of Pune. Quantitative analyses of the tape-recorded linguistic data reveal that, in the process of linguistic acculturation, the emerging social class system has variable influence on different traditional caste groups. 1. Introduction In discussing mobility in different types of social organisation, researchers routinely compare typical class systems in western industrial societies with rigid, ‘immobile’ caste systems (Dumont 1970; Littlejohn 1972; Giddens 1989). The south Asian Hindu society, where social inequalities are believed to be permanent and fixed, has commonly come to be regarded as an archetype of the latter. Although instances of positional changes in the caste order are well documented in the sociological literature on south Asia (Srinivas 1966: 6; also see Gupta 1993 for a collection of essays) misconceptions regarding mobility in the caste system are evident in recent western sociolinguistic literature and are reflected in such unenlightening comparisons as ‘a caste system is a class system with no social or occupational mobility’ and ‘… class systems and caste systems appear to be poles on a continuum’ (Chambers 1995, 2 nd edition 1997: 53). Within Indian sociolinguistics too, the place of caste in the study of linguistic variation and change has not always been clear. Following the immense interest generated 95
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K ALJENAIE testing ground. To what
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K ALJENAIE Table 12 Sara’s realiz
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K ALJENAIE Table 15 Number of Infle
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K ALJENAIE Motar, A. (1969). Khasai
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P. COUTSOUGERA Plural Plural Singul
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P. COUTSOUGERA e.g. [peδja'] *[pe
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P. COUTSOUGERA Tableau 1: Opacity i
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P. COUTSOUGERA 6.1 Selection of the
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Page 124 and 125: S. KULKARNI Bapuji, B.R. (1994).
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J. MARSHALL 6. Research Question an
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J. MARSHALL PHOVAR = 21.1 + 0.573 A
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I. SINKA, M. GARMAN AND C. SCHELLET
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