Reading Working Papers in Linguistics 4 (2000) - The University of ...

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S. KULKARNI 50 mean % std. score 40 30 20 10 0 Sched Back Maratha Brah working middle Fig 4. Aspi_M_F by caste and social class The small difference between the working and middle class Brahmin groups (46.1% and 46.2% respectively) indicates a greater tendency towards retention of the standard form. The middle class Non-Brahmin children scored consistently higher than the corresponding working class groups. The effect of class is most marked in the case of the middle class Backward caste children with a group score of 47.2%, which is higher than the middle class Brahmin group score of 46.2%. The effect of class across the Scheduled and Maratha groups was comparatively small. From the graph we see that the differences between these groups are in fact gradient. The Maratha children scored the least in both the class groups. 4.3 The Composite Lexical Variable (Lex) 12,372 tokens of highly frequent lexical items were used for the Linear Logistic Regression Analysis of the composite lexical variable (number of subjects used for the analysis = 114). Statistical testing revealed that caste membership is the most important social factor influencing the choice of standard lexical items (F-ratio = 8.52 significant at the 0.1% level). Parents’ social class and sex of the child also 112
SOCIOLINGUISTIC VARIATION AND CHANGE IN URBAN INDIA accounted for a large amount of the variation in the data (both significant at the 1% level). Inter-caste differences become apparent from table 6 below: Table 6. Parameter estimates for ‘caste’ Parameter Estimate Scheduled -1.04 Backward -0.42 Maratha -0.92 Brahmin 0.00 Brahmin children used standard lexical items most frequently, while, among the Non-Brahmins, it was once again the children from the Backward group who used the standard variants most frequently. The Maratha children in this instance scored higher than the Scheduled group. Similarly, girls (93.2%) and middle class children (90.3%) scored significantly higher than boys (85.2%) and working class children (77.0%) respectively. The significant caste-class interaction effect (p < 5%) helps us to identify the social locations of linguistic difference more precisely. Figure 5 below displays graphically the sharp class stratification across the three Non-Brahmin caste groups. Scheduled group children score the least among the working class, and Marathas among the middle class. Note the minimal differences in the lexical scores of the working class and middle class Brahmin children. The scores of the middle class Brahmin, BC and Scheduled group children too are very similar. 113
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Reading Working Papers in Linguisti
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K ALJENAIE testing ground. To what
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K ALJENAIE causative form is basica
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K ALJENAIE person diagram, the two
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K ALJENAIE 3.2 Data Analysis The sa
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K ALJENAIE Table 4 Osama’s longit
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K ALJENAIE The asterisk indicates t
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K ALJENAIE which is the transitive
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K ALJENAIE confirming Hyams (1986)
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K ALJENAIE Table 12 Sara’s realiz
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K ALJENAIE Table 15 Number of Infle
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K ALJENAIE masculine forms are cons
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K ALJENAIE Motar, A. (1969). Khasai
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P. COUTSOUGERA Plural Plural Singul
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P. COUTSOUGERA e.g. [peδja'] *[pe
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P. COUTSOUGERA Tableau 1: Opacity i
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P. COUTSOUGERA As can be seen, in r
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P. COUTSOUGERA 6.1 Selection of the
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P. COUTSOUGERA /alevr-I-a/ Tableau
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P. COUTSOUGERA different areas of t
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P. COUTSOUGERA operation McCarthy p
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P. COUTSOUGERA References Anderson,
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R. INGHAM cognitive deficits. They
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R. INGHAM 2. Subjects and hypothese
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R. INGHAM good as their CA matches
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R. INGHAM using the Wilcoxon ranked
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Page 124 and 125: S. KULKARNI Bapuji, B.R. (1994).
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J. MARSHALL LIFMODLEXREC 60 50 40 L
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J. MARSHALL the different tests wer
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J. MARSHALL PHOVAR = 21.1 + 0.573 A
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I. SINKA, M. GARMAN AND C. SCHELLET
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