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S. KULKARNI Bapuji, B.R. (1994). ‘Caste and Language: An Empirical Investigation’ in B.R. Bapuji ed. Essays in the Sociology of Language, T.R. Publications, Hyderabad, India. Bayly, S. (1999). Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age. The New Cambridge History of India, 4.3. Cambridge: CUP. Bernsten, M. (1975). ‘The Variant Model of Language: Some Data from a Study of Marathi Speech’ in Indian Linguistics: 36. 227-33. ________ (1978). ‘Social Stratification in the Marathi speech of Phaltan’ in Indian Linguistics:39. 233-51. Beteille, A. (1969). Castes: Old and New. Asia Publishing House: Bombay. _______ (1993). ‘Caste, Class and Power’ in Gupta (ed.): 339-52. Bloch, J. (1965). Indo-Aryan. Translated by Alfred Master. Adrien - Maisonneuve: Paris. _______ (1970). The Formation of the Marathi Language. Translated by Dr. Devraj Chanana. Motilal Banarsidass: Delhi. Bopemage and Veeraraghavan.(1967). Status Images in Changing India. Manaktalas: Bombay. Bright, W and A.K. Ramanujan. (1964). ‘Sociolinguistic Variation and Language Change’, in J.B. Pride and J. Holmes, (eds), Sociolinguistics, Penguin, Middlesex: England: 157-66. Census of India (1991). Online Chambers, J. (1997) 2 nd ed. Sociolinguistic Theory. Blackwell: Oxford. Cheshire, J. (1982). Variation in an English Dialect: A Sociolinguistic Study. Cambridge: CUP. Collett, D. (1991). Modelling Binary Data. London: Chapman and Hall. Das, V.(1982). Structure and Cognition: Aspects of Hindu Caste and Ritual. OUP: Bombay. Dumont, L. (1953). ‘The Dravidian Kinship Terminology as an Expression of Marriage’ in Man 53: 34-9. _______ (1970). Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and its Implications. Weidenfield and Nicholson, London. _______ (1988). Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and its Implications. OUP: Delhi. Eckert, P. (1988). ‘Adolescent social structure and the spread of linguistic change’ in Language and Society, 17. 183-207. _______ (2000). Linguistic Variation as Social Practice. Blackwell: England. Ferguson, C and Gumperz, J., eds. (1960). Linguistic Diversity in South Asia: Studies in Regional, Social and Functional Variation. In International Journal of American Linguistics 26:3 pt 2. Ghurye, G.S. (1993). ‘Features of the Caste System’. In Gupta (ed.): 35-48. Gupta, D. (ed.). _______ (1993). ‘Hierarchy and Difference: An Introduction’. In Gupta (ed.). 1-21. _______ (1993). ‘Continuous Hierarchies and Discrete Castes’. In Gupts (ed). 110-41. Giddens, A. (1989). Sociology. Polity Press: Cambridge. Gumperz, J. (1958). Dialect Differences and Social Stratification in a North Indian Village in A. Dil ed. 25-47. 120
SOCIOLINGUISTIC VARIATION AND CHANGE IN URBAN INDIA Gumperz, J and R. Wilson (1971). ‘Convergence and Creolization: A Case from the Indo-Aryan/ Dravidian Border in India in A. Dil ed. 251-73. Hutton, J.H. (1963). Caste in India: Its Nature, Function and Origin. OUP: Bombay. Johnson, G. (1970). ‘Chitpavan Brahmins and Politics in Western India in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries’, in E. Leach and S. Mukherjee (eds), Elites in South Asia. CUP: Cambridge. 95-118. Karve, I. (1965). Kinship Organization in India. Second Revised Edition, Bombay, New York: Asia Publishing House (original, 1953). Karve, I. and V.M. Dandekar. (1951). Anthropometric Measurements of Maharashtra. Poona: 1-12. Karve, I. and J.S. Ranadive. (1965). The Social Dynamics of a Growing Town and its Surrounding Area. Deccan College: Pune. Kerswill, P. (1987). ‘Levels of linguistic variation in Durham’ in Journal of Linguistics, 23.1. 25-49. Kontra, M. (1992). Class over nation – linguistic hierarchies eliminated: the case of Hungary. Multilingua 11. 217-21. Kuppuswamy, B. (1959). ‘A scale to measure socio-economic status’ in Ind. Journal of Psychology, vol. 34. 21-34. Labov, W. (1966). The Social Stratification of English in New York City. Washington, D.C: Centre for Applied Linguistics. ______ (1972). Sociolinguistic Patterns. University of Pennsylvania Press. Le Page R. and A. Tabouret-Keller. (1985). Acts of Identity. CUP: Cambridge. Littlejohn, J. (1972). Social Stratification. George Allen and Unwin: Lomdon. Macaulay, R.K.S. (1976). Social class and language in Glasgow. Language in Society 5: 173-88. McCormack, W. (1960). ‘Social Dialects in Dharwar Kannada’ in C. Ferguson and J. Gumperz ed. 79-91. Mees. I. (1977) Language and social class in Cardiff: a survey of the speech habits of school children. Thesis, Dept. of English, Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, Leiden, Holland. Omvedt, G. (1976). Cultural Revolt in a Colonial Society. Scientific Socialist Education Trust: Bombay. _______ (1993). Reinventing revolution: new social movements and the socialist tradition in India. London: M.E. Sharpe. Pandit, P. (1969). ‘Parameters of Speech Variation in an Indian Community’ in Language and Society in India: Transactions. Simla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study, vol. 8: Pannikar, K.M. (1955). Hindu Society at Crossroads. Asia Publishing House: Bombay. Pattanayak, D.P. (1975). ‘Caste and Dialect’ in International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics, vol. 4 (1): 97-104. Rajyashree, K.S. (1980). The Standardisation of Language: A case study of Marathi. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis submitted to the University of Mysore, India. Rao, M.S.A. (1972). Tradition, Rationality and Change. Popular Prakashan: Bombay. Reid, E. (1976). Social and stylistic variation in the speech of some Edinburgh schoolchildren, MLitt thesis, University of Edinburgh. Romaine, S. (1984). The Language of Children and Adolescents. Oxford: Blackwell. 121
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K ALJENAIE Motar, A. (1969). Khasai
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I. SINKA, M. GARMAN AND C. SCHELLET
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