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ments students can complete the College of<br />

Business MBA program with a minimum of<br />

33 hours of MBA course work (500-level).<br />

To qualify for full admission into the MBA<br />

Program the following requirements must be<br />

satisfied: 1) Students must obtain an appropriate<br />

score on the GMAT Test, and 2) Students<br />

must submit to the Graduate Admission Office<br />

a graduation admission application, two letters<br />

of recommendation, an official transcript and a<br />

résumé.<br />

Core courses offered by Mathematics<br />

and Actuarial Science<br />

AR210-MA, Statistically Speaking: Who<br />

needs statistics in the 21st century? Anyone<br />

looking critically at numerical information<br />

who does not want to be misled by incorrect<br />

or inappropriate calculations or anyone<br />

dealing with issues in their environment, state/<br />

nation or career would benefit from studying<br />

the methodology of statistics. These problems<br />

include finding ways to improve our environment<br />

and living standards or studies conducted<br />

in an effort to fight diseases. This course is an<br />

introduction to applied statistics in the natural,<br />

social and managerial sciences through the use<br />

of current environmental and global issues.<br />

Topics include sampling, data analysis, experimental<br />

design and the use of computer-based<br />

statistical software. (U)(3). Fall and spring.<br />

AR211-MA, Codes and Secret Messages:<br />

How can sensitive information such as credit<br />

card numbers or military strategy be exchanged<br />

between two people without being intercepted<br />

by a third party? Are there ways to detect<br />

and correct errors resulting from a mistyped<br />

identification number or a scratched CD? Can<br />

information be exchanged securely among<br />

multiple individuals without anyone revealing<br />

his or her own decryption scheme? In this<br />

course, students will investigate various strategies<br />

for storing and transmitting information<br />

accurately, efficiently and securely. Students<br />

will design several types of ciphers for sending<br />

secret messages, construct various error detecting<br />

and error-correcting codes, and implement<br />

secure public-key cryptosystems for exchanging<br />

messages with classmates. As these issues<br />

are explored, students will discover the need<br />

for mathematical notions such as modular<br />

arithmetic, permutations and combinations,<br />

probability and statistics, vectors and matrices,<br />

and formal logic. Students will also become<br />

172 <strong>Butler</strong> <strong>University</strong><br />

aware of the central role played by cryptology<br />

and coding throughout history and modern<br />

society. (U)(3). Fall and spring.<br />

AR212-MA, Win, Lose or Draw: Why do we<br />

play games? Whatever the reason, games are a<br />

big piece of life. The world has played games<br />

for a long, long time — every time period, every<br />

culture. We will study games and gambling in<br />

our culture as well as those in other cultures.<br />

To better understand games, the students will<br />

study probability theory and its application to<br />

gaming. Applications include casino games,<br />

lotteries, racing, wagering systems, as well as<br />

other games. Some analytical tools that will<br />

arise during the course are counting methods,<br />

expected value, trees, gambler’s ruin and<br />

distributions. (U)(3). Fall and spring.<br />

Mathematics and<br />

Actuarial Science Courses<br />

MA101, Algebra: Provides students with the<br />

necessary background to continue in mathematics.<br />

Topics include the number system,<br />

equations, inequalities, graphs, polynomials,<br />

algebraic functions and exponents. Students<br />

who have successfully completed any other<br />

mathematics course will not be given credit<br />

for MA101. Does not satisfy core curriculum<br />

requirement. Must not be taken pass/fail.<br />

Prerequisite: High school algebra. (U)(3).<br />

Fall and spring.<br />

MA102, Precalculus: This course provides<br />

students with the necessary mathematical<br />

background to successfully complete a calculus<br />

course or a course that has calculus as a major<br />

topic. Topics include solving equations and<br />

inequalities, exponents, factoring, complex<br />

numbers, and functions — linear, quadratic,<br />

polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic<br />

and trigonometric. Students who have successfully<br />

completed any other mathematics course,<br />

MA106 or above, will not be given credit for<br />

MA102. Does not satisfy core curriculum<br />

requirement. Must not be taken pass/fail.<br />

Prerequisite: High school algebra and<br />

appropriate score on the <strong>Butler</strong> Math<br />

Placement Exam. (U)(3). Fall and spring.<br />

MA106, Calculus and Analytic Geometry I:<br />

The beginning calculus course for properly prepared<br />

students. Topics include differentiation,<br />

integration, elementary differential equations,<br />

exponential and logarithmic functions, and

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