Science, Strategy and War The Strategic Theory of ... - Boekje Pienter

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Lewin, Roger, and Birute Regine: ‘An Organic Approach to Management’, Perspective onBusiness Innovation, Cap Gemini Ernst & Young Journal, Issue 4.Liang, Qiao, and Wang Xiangsui: Unrestricted Warfare, Bejing, 1999.Liddell Hart, Basil: Strategy: The Indirect Approach, London, 1967.Lind, William: ‘Some Doctrinal Questions for the United States Army’, Military Review,March, 1977.Lind, William: ‘Defining Maneuver Warfare for the Marine Corps’, Marine Corps Gazette,March 1980.Lind, William, Keith Nightengale, John Schmitt, Joseph Sutton, G.I. Wilson: ‘The ChangingFace of War, Into the Fourth Generation’, Military Review, October 1989.Lind, William: ‘The Three Levels of War, Don't Take John Boyd's Name in Vain’,Counterpunch, May 3, 2003, electronic version, www.counterpunch.org/lind05032003.html.Link, Charles: ‘21 st Century Armed Forces – Joint Vision 2010’, Joint Forces Quarterly, Autumn1996.Liotta, P. H.: ‘Chaos as Strategy’, Parameters, Summer 2002.Lissack, Michael: ‘Complexity: the Science, its Vocabulary, and its Relation to Organizations’,Emergence, Vol. 1, Issue 1, (1999).Lock-Pullan, Richard: ‘“An Inward Looking Time”: The United States Army, 1973-1976’,The Journal of Military History, 67 (April 2003).Luttwak, Edward: ‘Blood and Computers: The Crisis of Classic Military Power in AdvancedPostindustrialist Societies and the Scope of Technological Remedies’, in Zeev Maozand Azar Gat (ed), War in a Changing World, The University of Michigan Press, AnnArbor, 2001.Luttwak, Edward: Strategy, the Logic of War and Peace, Harvard University Press, Cambridge,Ma, 1987.Luvaas, Jay: ‘Clausewitz: Fuller and Liddell Hart’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 9 (1986).Luvaas, Jay: ‘Military History: Is It Still Practicable?’, Parameters, March 1995.Lynne, John: Battle, A History of Combat and Culture, Westview Press, Boulder Colorado(2003).Lyotard, Jean-Paul: The Postmodern Condition, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis,1979 (11 th printing, 1997).Lyotard, Jean-Paul: The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, Manchester, 1984.Machamer, Peter, and Michael Silberstein: The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Science,Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 2002.Malik, J. Mohan: ‘The Evolution of Strategic Thought’, in Graig Snyder (ed), ContemporarySecurity and Strategy, MacMillan, London, 1999.Mann, Edward, III, Gary Endersby and Tom Searle: Thinking Effects, Effects-Based Methodologyfor Joint Operations, Maxwell AFB, CADRE Papers No. 15, October 2002.Mann, Edward (Col., Ret.), Gary Endersby, and Tom Searle: ‘Dominant Effects: Effects-Based Joint Operations’, Aerospace Power Journal, Fall 2001.Mann, Steven R.: ‘Chaos Theory and Strategic Thought’, Parameters, Autumn 1992.Manwaring, Max, G.: Internal Wars: Rethinking Problem and Response, Strategic Studies Institute,Carlisle Barracks, September 2001.Maoz, Zeev, and Azar Gat (ed): War in a Changing World, The University of Michigan Press,Ann Arbor, 2001.March, James G., and Johan P.Olson: ‘The Uncertainty of the Past: Organizational LearningUnder Ambiguity’, European Journal of Political Research, 3 (1975).Marshall, Andrew, Testimony before the senate Armed Services Committee, subcommitteeon Acquisition and Technology, 5 May 1995.332
Mayr, Ernst: The Growth of Biological Thought, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Ma, 1982.McCrabb, Maris Dr.: Uncertainty, Expeditionary Air Force and Effects-Based Operations, electronicversion www.eps.gov/EPSdata/USAF/Synopses/1142/Reference-Number-PRDA-00-06-IKFPA/McInnes, Colin: Spectator- Sport Warfare, The West and Contemporary Conflict, London, 2002,McInnes, Collin: ‘Spectator Sport Warfare’, in Stuart Croft and Terry Terrif, Critical Reflecionson Security and Change, London, 2000.McKercher, B.J.C., and Michael A. Henness:, The Operational Art, Developments in the Theories ofWar, Preager, Westport, 1996.McLennan, Gregor: ‘The enlightenment Project Revisited’, in Stuart Hall, David Held andTony McGrew, Modernity and its Futures, Polity Press, Blackwells, Oxford, 1992McNeil, William: ‘History and the Scientific Worldview’, History and Theory, Feb. 1998, Vol37, issue 1.McNeil, William: ‘The Changing Shape of World History’, History and Theory, May 1995,Vo.34, Issue 2.Mearsheimer, John: ‘Back to the Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War’,International Security, vol. 15, no.1 (1990).Mearsheimer, John: Liddell Hart and the Weight of History, Ithaca, New York, 1988.Meilinger, Phillip, S.: ‘Air Targetting Strategies: An Overview’, in Richard Hallion, Air PowerConfronts An Unstable World, London, 1997.Meilinger, Phillip, S.: The Paths to Heaven, (ed)., Maxwell AFB, Alabama, 1997.Merry, Uri: Coping with Uncertainty, Insights from the New Sciences of Chaos, Self-organization andComplexity, Westport, Connecticut, 1995.Mets, David R.: The Air Campaign, John Warden and the Classical Airpower Theorists, RevisedEdition, Air University Press, Maxwell AFB, April 1999.Mets, David R.: ‘Boydmania, Review Essay’, Air & Space Power Journal, September 2005.Metz, Steven: Armed Conflict in the 21 st Century: The Information Revolution and Post-ModernWarfare, Strategic Studies Institute, Carlisle Barracks, April 2000.Metz, Steven: ‘The Next Twist of the RMA’, Parameters, Autumn, 2000.Metz, Steven: ‘Strategic Asymmetry’, Military Review, July-August 2001.Militaire Doctrine, Sdu Uitgevers, Den Haag, 1996.Mintzberg, H, Ahlstrand, B., Lampel, J.: Strategy Safari, A Guided Tour Through the Wilds ofStrategic Management, The Free Press, 1998.Monod, Jacques, Chance and Necessity, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1971.Montuori, Alfonso: ‘Editors Introduction’, in Gregory Bateson, Mind and Nature, A NecessaryUnity, Hampton Press, Cresskill, New Jersey (2002).Morgan, Forrest: Compellence and the strategic Culture of Imperial Japan, Unpublished Dissertation,University of Maryland, 1998.Morgan, Gareth: Images of Organization, Sage, New York, 1986.Morgan, Patrick: ‘The Impact of the Revolution in Military Affairs’, Journal of Strategic Studies,March 2000.Morton, Adam:, ‘The Theory of Knowledge: Saving Epistemology from theEpistemologists’, in Peter Clark and Katherina Hawley, Philosophy of Science Today,Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2000.Moskos, Charles C., and James Burk: ‘The Postmodern Military’, in James Burk, The Militaryin New Times, Westview Press, Boulder, Co., 1994.Moskos, Charles C., John Allen Williams, David R. Segal (eds): The Postmodern Military, ArmedForces after the Cold War, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000.333
Page 3 and 4:
Science, Strategy and WarThe Strate
Page 5 and 6:
We are survival machines.Richard Da
Page 7 and 8:
CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION............
Page 9 and 10:
Introduction.......................
Page 11 and 12:
1. INTRODUCTIONTo flourish and grow
Page 13 and 14:
testing of the decision selected by
Page 15 and 16:
momentum and tempo, which in combin
Page 17 and 18:
tracing the history of war Boyd saw
Page 19 and 20:
in general. Referring to Karl Poppe
Page 21 and 22:
constitute an argument about strate
Page 23:
2. ON STRATEGY AND STRATEGIC THEORY
Page 26 and 27:
its internal make up and the dynami
Page 28 and 29:
strategist’s task is not to creat
Page 30 and 31:
must be holistic, paying due respec
Page 32 and 33:
Such a division can also be discern
Page 34 and 35:
sensibility that would be capable o
Page 36 and 37:
Why strategic theorizing is difficu
Page 38 and 39:
truth is independent of human belie
Page 40 and 41:
policy, is policy’ 107 . Subseque
Page 42 and 43:
of systems of thought which will gu
Page 44 and 45:
Science and Strategic TheoryDominan
Page 46 and 47:
the major intellectual currents tha
Page 48 and 49:
friction, which is infused with the
Page 50 and 51:
3. THE SEEDS OF A THEORY AND THE FE
Page 52 and 53:
Slowly his writings matured. In 196
Page 54 and 55:
This situation also reflected the d
Page 56 and 57:
at the cost of airspeed depletion)
Page 58 and 59:
and air power theorists are notably
Page 60 and 61:
Lawrence wrote Liddell Hart that fo
Page 62 and 63:
The Indirect ApproachThe foregoing
Page 64 and 65:
in weakening the opponent’s will
Page 66 and 67:
standing in a direct theoretical li
Page 68 and 69:
perfect information, so Chapter 9 r
Page 70 and 71:
According with the enemy is the ass
Page 72 and 73:
preconceived battle plan depends up
Page 74 and 75:
mental or moral, instead they aim t
Page 76 and 77:
calculation, based on the assumptio
Page 78 and 79:
Turbulent environmentThis convictio
Page 80 and 81:
the introduction of the M1 Abrams t
Page 82 and 83:
campaign with which it was most com
Page 84 and 85:
The debates resulted via the improv
Page 86 and 87:
emphasized being more responsive, a
Page 88 and 89:
4. SCIENCE: BOYD’S FOUNTAINKnowle
Page 90 and 91:
The list exceeds 20 pages. Indeed,
Page 92 and 93:
counter-culture. He had read severa
Page 94 and 95:
Popper’s Evolutionary Epistemolog
Page 96 and 97:
species. Finally, theories, unlike
Page 98 and 99:
discovery’ 39 . ‘We have here t
Page 100 and 101:
for failure and an encouragement fo
Page 102 and 103:
investigated and a change of the ru
Page 104 and 105:
Paradigm shiftBeyond NewtonIn the p
Page 106 and 107:
philosophical aspects, Prigogine an
Page 108 and 109:
uncertainty in another “conjugate
Page 110 and 111:
The link between thermodynamics and
Page 112 and 113:
As Ludwig Bertalanffy noted, the gr
Page 114 and 115:
assessing deviation from coursecoun
Page 116 and 117:
the system by the environment or ot
Page 118 and 119:
A slightly more complex model from
Page 120 and 121:
implementation of the right program
Page 122 and 123:
The model below shows this process
Page 124 and 125:
The process of learning, and the pr
Page 126 and 127:
Positive indicatorsNegative indicat
Page 128 and 129:
In Patterns of Conflict he also emp
Page 130 and 131:
progressed and developed a new lang
Page 132 and 133:
advances in knowledge, adaptation,
Page 134 and 135:
TraditionalReductionismLinear causa
Page 136 and 137:
exist only because they are open. T
Page 138 and 139:
Concentration of chemical ANew stab
Page 140 and 141:
It preserves the web-like pattern o
Page 142 and 143:
Orientation shapes the character of
Page 144 and 145:
either. The edge of chaos is where
Page 146 and 147:
The final region is the boundary be
Page 148 and 149:
Levels of adaptationThis naturally
Page 150 and 151:
Operate inside adversary’s OODA l
Page 152 and 153:
Organisms which are internally cons
Page 154 and 155:
The last mentioned feature implies
Page 156 and 157:
mathematics, in short chaos and com
Page 158 and 159:
Such efforts have lead to suggestio
Page 160 and 161:
processes are maintained simultaneo
Page 162 and 163:
Boyd’s views on command and contr
Page 164 and 165:
Several of these ideas surface in B
Page 166 and 167:
problems they seek to comprehend or
Page 168 and 169:
ehavior in reaction to what the oth
Page 170 and 171:
sciences, which he termed a new int
Page 172 and 173:
egulations, orders, and other means
Page 174 and 175:
as focus for military planning on t
Page 176 and 177:
A Discourse and the scientific Zeit
Page 178 and 179:
Sharpening our mental capabilities
Page 180 and 181:
perceive it’ 184 . By trying to c
Page 182 and 183:
Ensure a large variety of conceptua
Page 184 and 185:
The main intent of the effort is to
Page 186 and 187:
e true. Thus tested and refined, it
Page 188 and 189:
particulars or we can start with th
Page 190 and 191:
inconsistencies may emerge to stifl
Page 192 and 193:
although not exact1y -- since the u
Page 194 and 195:
eality 29 . As indicated earlier, t
Page 196 and 197:
He then incorporates a section of t
Page 198 and 199:
Attack enemy’s plans as best poli
Page 200 and 201:
planning process which included var
Page 202 and 203:
Boyd does not find fault with these
Page 204 and 205:
oth methods the same processes seem
Page 206 and 207:
strategic planning in light of the
Page 208 and 209:
gauged all the conditions indicated
Page 210 and 211:
Blitzkrieg disrupts the connections
Page 212 and 213:
- a medium to realize superior inte
Page 214 and 215:
Only the fourth condition relates t
Page 216 and 217:
Shape and exploit crises environmen
Page 218 and 219:
penetrate an adversary to subvert,
Page 220 and 221:
Maneuver Conflict - as practices by
Page 222 and 223:
In light of his previous observatio
Page 224 and 225:
difficult) subordinates that accept
Page 226 and 227:
This then leads to the second wrap-
Page 228 and 229:
mask one’s own system against any
Page 230 and 231:
dimension on the behavior of a stra
Page 232 and 233:
Theme for Disintegration and Collap
Page 234 and 235:
Strategic AimDiminish adversary’s
Page 236 and 237:
ApplicationRevisiting Sun Tzu, rein
Page 238 and 239:
The general underlying idea of Coun
Page 240 and 241:
to victory by connecting them to th
Page 242 and 243:
destruction and creation to his inv
Page 244 and 245:
Boyd’s inspiration also came in p
Page 246 and 247:
The Big O: Orientation.The ensuing
Page 248 and 249:
implicit cross-referencing process
Page 250 and 251:
Magnify adversary’s friction and
Page 252 and 253:
This differs from traditional views
Page 254 and 255:
patterns that produced success in m
Page 256 and 257:
General SurveyIn this section his i
Page 258 and 259:
city, however, the situation is qui
Page 260 and 261:
“Destruction and Creation”, by
Page 262 and 263:
So Boyd discerns within the adversa
Page 264 and 265:
On isolation and interactionPhysica
Page 266 and 267:
The Art of Success:Shape or influen
Page 268 and 269:
The meaning of strategy and the art
Page 270 and 271:
however is not much different, but
Page 272 and 273:
Examples from EngineeringSome Outst
Page 274 and 275:
words, in order to gain a richer im
Page 276 and 277:
what applies to science and enginee
Page 278 and 279:
technology, is connected to the gam
Page 280 and 281:
The real OODA loop270
Page 282 and 283:
This relates the OODA loop clearly
Page 284 and 285:
for a process of learning, of evolv
Page 286 and 287:
thing any system is constantly faci
Page 288 and 289:
communication and explicit directio
Page 290 and 291:
8. CONCLUSIONThe history of science
Page 292 and 293: found himself in. To Sun Tzu Boyd a
Page 294 and 295: strategy. He elaborates on several
Page 296 and 297: ehavior, demonstrating the value of
Page 298 and 299: film, sociology, geography, literar
Page 300 and 301: That social scientific knowledge, o
Page 302 and 303: undertakes to improve its own perfo
Page 304 and 305: The reflexive nature of modern soci
Page 306 and 307: the context within which the situat
Page 308 and 309: “road maps for action”, but rat
Page 310 and 311: all point at the changes the techno
Page 312 and 313: central sign of post-modernity. In
Page 314 and 315: a revolution in military affairs oc
Page 316 and 317: This will affect war and warfare:
Page 318 and 319: Athena’s Camp. They see swarming
Page 320 and 321: commanders to improve their decisio
Page 322 and 323: Military War Beyond Military War No
Page 324 and 325: schemas. Gell-Mann developed the id
Page 326 and 327: extent in the novel approach for th
Page 328 and 329: ANNEX B: BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PATTERNS O
Page 330 and 331: LeBoeuf, Michael, “GMP, The Great
Page 332 and 333: Wolf, Eric R., “Peasant Wars of t
Page 334 and 335: Bartolomasi, Paolo: ‘The Realitie
Page 336 and 337: Cohen, William S.: Report of the Qu
Page 338 and 339: Fukuyama, Francis: The Great Disrup
Page 340 and 341: Hughes, Daniel: ‘Abuses of German
Page 344 and 345: Murdock, Paul, ‘Principles of War
Page 346 and 347: Rosenau, James, N.: ‘Many Damn Th
Page 348 and 349: Walt, Stephen M.: ‘Rigor or Rigor
show all

Science, Strategy and War The Strategic Theory of ... - Boekje Pienter

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?